The Impact of Music on Intellectual Development :: Free Essays

The Impact of Music on Intellectual DevelopmentListening to music has given people the opportunity to develop different types of appreciation and sagaciousness for the music be played. Through the skills obtained one can develop qualities for their self for future development.Music allows people to grow intellectually by delivering the fundamental aspects of canonical emotions or thoughts onto a page of music. When a symphony is playing an orchestrated piece of music, you can hear the large kettledrums setting the mood. Quick taps that crescendo to a loud abrupt halt or the steady, slow thundering thud of the bass drum can give us a thought of what the composer is trying to convey. This, along with the orchestra, allows us to feel the emotion in ourselves by the music that is being played. The music allows us to feel fright, anger, anticipation, or happiness, or separate emotions that we have. When we are young, we are learning to recognize and label such emotions and tho ughts. As we mature we are better able to comprehend and voice our feelings better by being able to recognize these feelings when they come upon us. Music gives us a way to develop and grow in ways that other intellectual stimulant cannot do for us. When hearing different scores of music we begin to develop an appreciation for the music pieces being played. We then may want to learn well-nigh who composed this piece of music, and where did that person live, and other vital information about the composer. We then may want to learn more about the different instruments being played in the orchestra. The drums are large and impressive and the woodwinds or the string instruments may seem delicate to use. Over a period of time our view has broadened and our intellectual capabilities have broadened. Music has a way of planting seeds for

Crossing Over With John Edwards :: Media Television Paranormal Essays

Crossing Over With lavatory EdwardsThe word that I have picked is from Entertainment Weekly. This article goes into detail about skeptics whose websites debunk all things paranormal. The skeptics focus on John Edwards, a medium, also known as a cold reader (http//skeptics.com.au). In the article, John Edwards is described as having a show named Crossing Over With John Edwards, a Sci Fi Channel seance that has recently been reincarnated as a comprehensive syndicated series. During this hour long show, John Edwards surrounds himself with an audience and picks out people at random. After saying a name out loud, he then finds that individual and focuses his attention towards that one individual. Then he starts firing certain questions to this individual only wanting a yes or a no answer. Once he starts to get yes answers, he knows that he is on the right path to getting the individual to believe anything he says. John Edwards has claimed that he can happen with the dead, only if t he web skeptics in the next few paragraphs think otherwise. One web skeptic from the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (http//csicop.org) describes the technique that explains John Edwards abilities to draw with the dead and also have the ability to uncover personal details about the dead people, sight unseen. This technique is called The Art of Cold Reading. One exercise by Edward performed on Larry King Live is being dissected on the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (http//csicop.org.) site by Joe Nickell. Now Joe Nickell goes onto describing how John Edwards incorporates The Art of Cold Reading into his act. For example, John Edwards poses questions like Im getting an older male who is there on the other side, in away that is correct scarce it has a wide scope, it could mean that he is a friend, brother, uncle, father, grandfather take your pick(E.Weekly, Sept. 21,2001, 86). An Australian skeptics web site (http//skeptics.com.au), says that the scenario on the Larry King Live show was true, but the lady that called in actually wanted to communicate with her mother. But John Edwards persistant questionings about the gentlemen figure won out because she was so busy wondering who this gentlemen was that she actually forgot she wanted to communicate with her mother. Now cold readers often focus on their after death communication by rapid-firing through a number of different possibilities.

Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay -- Malcolm X Luther King C

Malcolm X and Martin Luther office, Jr.African Americans are fortunate to have leaders who fought for a difference in Black America. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X are deuce powerful men in particular who brought hope to blacks in the United States. two preached the same message about Blacks having power and strength in the midst of all the hatred that surrounded them. Even though they shared the same pipe dream of pitity for their people, the tactics they implied to make these dreams a reality were very different. The background, environment and philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X were largely responsible for the distinctly varying responses to American racism.The early backgrounds of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. had major impact on their goal to achieve equality between all races. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born Michael Luther King in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929. He was one of three children born to Martin Luther King Sr., pastor of Ebe nezer Baptist Church, and Alberta King, a former schoolteacher. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louise Norton Little, was a homemaker who stayed occupied with the familys eight children. His father, Earl Little, was an outspoken Baptist minister and avid supporter of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. King attended segregated local public grammar schools in Georgia and graduated from high school at the age of fifteen after being skipped two grade levels. King then enrolled in Morehouse University in 1944 and graduated with a bachelors degree in sociology. He furthered his education after Morehouse at Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania and at Boston University, earning his doctorate. X attended reform school in Michigan after the death of his father. Malcolm dropped out of school after graduating from subordinate high school at the top of his class. As the years passed Malcolm and Martin took on two different behaviorstyles. Martin then married Coretta Scott in 1955 and into the family born two sons and two daughters. Malcolm married on January 14, 1958 to Betty Sanders and later had six daughters. King was renamed Martin when he was about six years old. Malcolm considered Little a slave name and chose the X to imply his lost tribal name (Rummel 157). In 1954, Martin Luther King accepted pa... ...el 125). Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X are both remembered as strong leaders who shared an equal dream that one day their people would be free from racism and oppression. They believed in this dream so strongly they sacrificed their lives for it. Today, both mens legacy lives on and is being carried out by their loved ones. They had the same goal in mind about Black respect and pride, but were different in addressing their message. Personally, the life of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King has inspired me. Their determination and strong will to fight for something they believed in encour aged me to fight for my belief in God and values as a Black person. They also help me realize if you want something in life you have to go after it and that is what I did with furthering my education. One should use Malcolm and Martin as examples to not let anything in life get in the way of what you stand for. Even though Malcolm and Martin did not live to see their dream get under ones skin true their deaths were not in vain. Although Black America still have a long way to go in overcoming racism, we have accomplished a lot in gaining rights since the death of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X.

Plain English Communication :: Free Essay Writer

Plain slope CommunicationINTRODUCTION after(prenominal) researching Communication, I have developed the following conclusions, which I will beg off in this memo. I will attempt to answer several questions that pertain to conference and the importance. I developed my conclusions from researching provided handouts and the Internet. HOW IMPORTANT IS colloquy?In every society, human creations have developed spoken and written language as a office of sharing messages and meanings. Readers need to know what is being said not how it is being said (1). Plain slope is defined as something that the intended audience can buoy read, understand and act upon the first sequence they read it (4). Plain English is needed in all kinds of public selective information, such as forms, leaflets, agreements, and contracts. The golden restrain is that plain English should be habitd in any information that ordinary people rely on when they make decisions (4). People have the compensate an d the need to make informed decisions about money and the law. If the way a document is written affects that decision then that creates moral issues. WHAT ROLE DOES WRITTEN COMMUNICATION PLAY IN BUSINESS?Businesses are successful when they communicate puff up with theircustomers. There are several benefits to businesses who practice Plain English. The benefits to businesses are saving time and money withLess paperReduces errorLess ink Increases hard currency flowLess printing costs Decreases storage costLess revenue stamp Environmentally friendlyIncrease Sales Fewer customers complaintsWHAT ISSUES OF WRITTEN COMMUNCATION essential THE MANAGEMENT OF A BUSINESS BE AWARE? WHY?The legal, medical, pharmaceutical, and finance industries puddle the most concern. Management in these industries need to remove the jargon, legal language, and adept terms from documents written for people who are not familiar with these terms. Management should use Plain Engli sh because it saves the writer and the reader time and it saves money. Also, Plain English creates a good image for an organization Plain English Communication Free Essay WriterPlain English CommunicationINTRODUCTIONAfter researching Communication, I have developed the following conclusions, which I will explain in this memo. I will attempt to answer several questions that pertain to communication and the importance. I developed my conclusions from researching provided handouts and the Internet. HOW IMPORTANT IS COMMUNICATION?In every society, humans have developed spoken and written language as a means of sharing messages and meanings. Readers need to know what is being said not how it is being said (1). Plain English is defined as something that the intended audience can read, understand and act upon the first time they read it (4). Plain English is needed in all kinds of public information, such as forms, leaflets, agreements, and contract s. The golden rule is that plain English should be used in any information that ordinary people rely on when they make decisions (4). People have the right and the need to make informed decisions about money and the law. If the way a document is written affects that decision then that creates moral issues. WHAT ROLE DOES WRITTEN COMMUNICATION PLAY IN BUSINESS?Businesses are successful when they communicate well with theircustomers. There are several benefits to businesses who practice Plain English. The benefits to businesses are saving time and money withLess paperReduces errorLess ink Increases cash flowLess printing costs Decreases storage costLess postage Environmentally friendlyIncrease Sales Fewer customers complaintsWHAT ISSUES OF WRITTEN COMMUNCATION MUST THE MANAGEMENT OF A BUSINESS BE AWARE? WHY?The legal, medical, pharmaceutical, and finance industries cause the most concern. Management in these industries need to remove the jargon, legal lan guage, and technical terms from documents written for people who are not familiar with these terms. Management should use Plain English because it saves the writer and the reader time and it saves money. Also, Plain English creates a good image for an organization

The Humanities in Education Essay -- Educating Culture Humanities Essa

The Humanities in Education Education is the opportunity to learn and grow in your community, society, workplace, and even in spite of appearance you. Education, quoted from Jon Spayde, a well-known interviewer and editor in his article titled Learning in the Key of Life, is about power the power to know about the being around you and the people near and far from you. Education is culture, passed down from one group of people to an different. We learn about these people through the humanities. Earl Shorris, a instructor for lower-class students quoted in the article Spayde wrote, said to his students on the first day of class, Youve been cheated. Rich people learn the humanities you didnt. The humanities are a world for getting along in the world, for thinking, for learning to reflect on the world instead of just reacting to whatever force is turned against you (60). What a powerful logical argument Shorris shared with his students. But why are the humanities a foundation? What foundation is Shorris talking about? And what constitutes the humanities? This foundation is the basic understanding of other cultures, and the ability to relate to many another(prenominal) different types of people. This can be difficult to achieve, but education has the humanities to help. The humanities can be defined many different delegacys. The Readers Digest Dictionary defines the humanities as the branches of learning (as philosophy, arts, or languages) that investigate human constructs and concerns as opposed to natural processes (as in physics or chemistry) and social relations (as in anthropology or economics) (652). This was the third definition of the word. The definition defines the humanities the best, as we know them today. But Spayde has another very interesting way to define t... ...e people from all races and countries. Keeping an open mind while traveling through your educational journey will help you enjoy and chouse the lessons you learn. Just remember to l earn to embrace other people and cultures, and love the subtle subjects that are offered in the humanities. They truly will open doors of ideas that you didnt think you had in you. Works Cited Mission Statements. The Presence of Others. Ed. Marilyn Moller. capital of MassachusettsBedford/St. Martins, 2000. 51- 57. The Readers Digest Encyclopedia Dictionary. Ed. Sidney L. Landau. Pleasantville The Readers Digest Association, 1966. 652,1336. Rose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. The Presence of Others. Ed. Marilyn Moller. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 105-119. Spayde, Jon. Learning in the Key of Life. The Presence of Others. Ed. Marilyn Moller. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 58 64.

The Humanities in Education Essay -- Educating Culture Humanities Essa

The Humanities in Education Education is the opportunity to learn and grow in your community, society, workplace, and flush inside you. Education, quoted from Jon Spayde, a well-known interviewer and editor in his article titled Learning in the Key of Life, is virtually power the power to know about the world around you and the people near and far from you. Education is culture, passed down from one group of people to another. We learn about these people through the humanities. Earl Shorris, a teacher for lower-class students quoted in the article Spayde wrote, said to his students on the first day of class, Youve been cheated. Rich people learn the humanities you didnt. The humanities are a foundation for getting along in the world, for finding, for learning to reflect on the world instead of just reacting to whatever force is turned against you (60). What a effective statement Shorris shared with his students. But why are the humanities a foundation? What foundation is Shorris talking about? And what constitutes the humanities? This foundation is the basic savvy of other cultures, and the ability to relate to many different types of people. This can be difficult to achieve, but education has the humanities to help. The humanities can be delimit many different ways. The Readers Digest Dictionary defines the humanities as the branches of learning (as philosophy, arts, or languages) that investigate human constructs and concerns as opposed to natural processes (as in natural philosophy or chemistry) and social relations (as in anthropology or economics) (652). This was the third definition of the word. The definition defines the humanities the best, as we know them today. But Spayde has another very raise way to define t... ...e people from all races and countries. Keeping an open mind while traveling through your educational journey will help you transport and love the lessons you learn. Just remember to learn to embrace other people and cultures, and love the subtle subjects that are offered in the humanities. They truly will open doors of ideas that you didnt think you had in you. Works Cited Mission Statements. The battlefront of Others. Ed. Marilyn Moller. BostonBedford/St. Martins, 2000. 51- 57. The Readers Digest Encyclopedia Dictionary. Ed. Sidney L. Landau. Pleasantville The Readers Digest Association, 1966. 652,1336. Rose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. The Presence of Others. Ed. Marilyn Moller. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 105-119. Spayde, Jon. Learning in the Key of Life. The Presence of Others. Ed. Marilyn Moller. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 58 64.

Strange Place

Alayna Grant Dr. Bellah English 1301-015 February 15, 2013 Strange Place On July 11th it will be twelve years since I ascertained the magical world of yuccas and mesquite trees. I remember the day equal it was yesterday. I remember driving all the way down the road that seemed like miles and miles of nothing but wilderness. We seemed to have driven for forever. T here were no houses or mobile homes or much of allthing. Then we came to a dirt road, and I verbalise Daddy I hope we are not going to drive into there. There come acrossed like an unmarked, mysterious place.It was a new unfamiliar place that I would be the first to discover. As soon as we got out of the truck I started asking questions. Daddy is there dinosaurs here? Then he explained that I would have to go check for myself, so I made that my personal mission. We came back a few days later because he was going to posit up the layout of the house, and all that good stuff was going to be put together. I came prepared this time I had my field glasses, my toy gun, and my camera. I had my pink binoculars so I could see trouble that I might get into far away.I had my gun in case there was a dinosaur. Finally I had my camera so I could prove to my dad that there were dinosaurs. Well here I go. I said to myself. I start walking and forwards I know it Im in this mysterious place. I am seeing things I never saw before. All these trees around me panorama evil they have very long, sharp, pointy thorns on them. There were these weird plant look-alike things that I accidently stepped on that poked me and made blood droplets on my leg. There was this hatch looking frog that had horns. And before you knew it I had gotten in too deep and was lost.All I could see that was familiar was the baby blue sky and the bright golden sun. So I kept going hoping I would amaze maybe a sign or a trail. I held my gun close to me besides in case I found a dinosaur. Then out of nowhere hops a little grey bunny, he stop s to look at me for a second then starts to hop off. I thought to myself Maybe if I follow him I can get back to my daddy. So thats what I did until he was out of sight. I grabbed my binoculars to try to find him, but he was long gone. He hopped way too flying and I could not hop over the weird looking plants fast enough.So there I was again stuck alone and there were still no signs of any dinosaurs yet. Maybe there are not any dinosaurs out here in this place. I thought to myself, but Ill keep looking. Gazing through my binoculars I came across something black, something that looked like I had seen before. I start walking faster and faster towards it. And before too long I was back at my dads black truck. Whoa I thought I was going to be lost forever out here. I said to my dad. He asked me Did you find any dinosaurs baby? And with a sad sounding voice I said No but if we build a house out here I can look forever

American Civil War and United Fruit Company Essay

In, Testimony Death of a Guatemalan Village, Victor Montejo describes events surrounding the soldiers regimes occurring throughout Guatemala. The withstand itself is an eyewitness broadsheet detailing one instance of violence between the indigenous peoples villages civilized patrol and the army. This occurrence twists to the execution and custody of legion(predicate) villagers. Even though the book is mainly a testimony by one person, in which he discusses the personal conflicts and struggle between himself and the army, the account is structured around the Guatemalan civil war and the conflict between the regimen and civilians.The Guatemalan Civil War occurred between the years 1960 to 1996. It was a struggle between the organization of Guatemala and the numerous leftist rebel groups who were supported by the Mayan indigenous, poor, and working(a) class. This civil war began as the many poor realized that their government had little concern for them, as the elites in the inelegant owned or so of the land. Much of the land was too owned by multinational corporations, such as the U. S. wned United Fruit Company in the 1940s and 50s.The result of this unequal land ownership, which also contributed to an unbalanced distribution of wealth, led to an oppressed population aliveness in extreme poverty. These local hardships were ultimately the driving force behind the rebellious leftist groups As armed forces leaders began to have control of the government by the 1960s and through the 1970s, physical violence became a method used to overthrow political opposition.As other countries in Latin the States had their own transitions Guatemalan citizens come alonged to them as a source of inspiration for their attempts to take control of their country. The example of Cuba became a stepping stone and a clear example for Guatemala as Fidel Castro was successful throughout the Cuban Revolution in Cuba and was able to overthrow the Batista family. Other example s included the Sandinista guerilla movement who successfully completed a revolution in Nicaragua in 1979, and in El Salvador where the FMLN guerillas also appeared to be having similar results.However, these regimes are appealing at first, but after having them continue for long periods, often conflict ensued which contributed to much loss for the poor rebels and their fight for sovereignty. Looking at Montejos testimony, Maria Lupes testimony, and the cold war in Guatemala we will insure how these violent regimes appeared to the civilians, their effects on society, and their connection to the civil war. Victor Montejo describes several political instances that have led to the peoples proneness for a rebellion against the acting government.He mentions that former president Lucas Garcia left many things undone though non much information is precondition for background information of Garcia, we notify conclude that he was responsible for the growth of the militarys power and an initial cause for the dissent of the poor. He also mentions Garcias successor, president Efrain Rios Montt and his leave out on taking the government out of the hand of the military. Montejo states no president would be able to control the situation because the military were the ones in charge.Later on Montejo reveals that under Lucas Garcias administrations military paramilitary, police, and priests, were kidnapped, tortured, and killed or rather anyone who had influence in the township who spoke out against the government. As the government surface ways to try to economic totallyy stabilize the state, many of its poor suffered, and regimes occurred to support the poor, leading many to suspect communistic or socialist identities, and a desire for government change. With the military being in control, with help and support coming from the U.S. , the army was used to stamp out the leftist guerrillas who were pushing for a red-hot government that would support the people.Looking at Montejos testimony, we see the creations of civil patrols, a group of men designated by the military government to protect their town from the guerillas. However, some of these patrolmen were thought to also secretly support the guerrillas and under a confused set of operations, encountered the army and according to Montejos testimony, many villagers were killed. The army also rob and burn down parts of the village.In one case, a young man who was part of the patrols is shot and as he laid dying, reveals that the unvarying worn (in that particular day) by the army was similar to the ones the guerrillas would wear, except that the guerrillas didnt cause any harm as they walk through the village. This has a carve up to say about how the civilians saw the governments military, and how they saw their repressive state being something they had to do without question due to fear. Taking a look at the testimony alone, we put up also see how society was effected.Out of Montejos brief background detailing the ailures of the presidents and the absolute repression faced by the civilians, we can conclude that the governments force to keep the guerillas unsuccessful was limited and pushed society into rebellions. In other words, as the army continued to torture and persecute the innocent, many nominate it necessary to fall into the hands of the guerrillas in order to stamp out their oppression. Maria Lupes account is similar to Montejos. She describes her hardships as a house wife, working on a plantation of a rich land owner. Her husband worked for 50 cents per day, and her payment was in food.She mentions moving closer to the north in a town called Ixcan, hoping for better jobs. At about two years the member of the guerrilla army for the poor began entering the town, recruiting people, and telling them that they were fighting so that they could all live better lives. After she had met with the guerrillas, she realized that their interests were aligned with hers. The guerillas and companeros as the group was called, effected society for the better they were able to construct support within the community, close to communistic in style sharing food, selling materials, and taking care of each other.She mentions that spies were beginning to infiltrate the village and set up a military commissioner. Just as Montejo, doubt of guerrilla collaboration was dangerous and could lead to death. She eventually becomes involved with this group which enables her to feel secure, and at some point is given(p) arms for protection. She also mentions that the companeros made efforts to include women and support womens roles in society, outside of the home, giving women more of a say in the community.We see an opponent reaction as to how the civilians felt about the guerrillas that is only s absolvedly mentioned in Montejos testimony through the eyes of the dying patrolmen when he mentions that the guerrillas never attack them. The government militarys effort s was to remove any dissent, particularly those of the guerrillas. The hatred for them is revealed in Montejos testimony, as he is constantly beaten by the army because of the suspicion of him being a guerrilla. He eventually flees the country for fear that they may target him again under false pretenses.In Lupes account the military is the enemy, and when suspicion arises, she is arrested and detained for several months, leaving behind her children she later flees and leaves the community, having to work for low wages again in another town. Lupes case shines a light upon the guerrillas, they are al close portrayed as saviors. She never discusses the governments military repression into great detail, but we see here that civilians showed a bit of forgiveness toward the guerrillas and favored their motives against the repressive government.The history of these conflicts stem from the effects of the Guatemalan civil war. Initially, it began as a social revolution, a stance against ne o-colonialism. Through 1944 to 1954, Guatemala experienced the disco biscuit Years of Spring a time when two democratically elected Presidents Arevalo and Arbenz, stressed reform, nationalism, and new constitutions. The Arbenz reforms stressed the importance to remove any outside corporations and instead focused on independent commerce within the country. He was able to move Guatemala from a semi-colonial system to an independent country.He did this by moving the countrys economy from a feudal system to a more capitalistic one. He was also able to raise the standard of living for most of the population. In order to do so, he confiscated large estates and redistributed them to the peasants, he also seized unused United Fruit Company and railroad lands to benefit his people. His most controversial step was his opposition to the Declaration of Caracas, which aligned all of Latin America with the United States to ensure the success of democracy. He instead supported solidarity against U. S. interventions.This lead to wide speculation by the Eisenhower administration, and concluded that Guatemala was moving toward communism. This led to a huge U. S. infiltration on the Guatemalan government. The U. S. trained and armed proxy forces in Honduras who later joined the conservative Guatemalan military to overthrow Arbenz. These coups are the ones who will become responsible for the military takeover that plagued Guatemala for many years, and which are highlighted in Montejos and Lupes accounts. By June 1954 a new military junta in Guatemala formed, supported by the U. S. nd established the National Committee of confession Against Communism, which allowed for the arrest and death penalty of subversive activities.By September 1954, General Carlos Castillo Armas, who was supported by the U. S. becomes president of Guatemala. He then forces society to reverse many of the Abrenz reforms revoking voting rights for illiterates, which made up half of the population, forced p easants to leave the acquired lands, banned political parties and peasant organizations, and restored the secret police. By the 1960s, a 36 year civil war had begun, with the U. S. supporting the authoritarian government.With the onset of the civil war, we see the outcomes which shaped Montejos and Lupes testimony, and the hardships the civilians faced and the effects on society being banished from lands that were given to them, having to abandon jobs and a thriving economy due to outside efforts to contain communism. For three decades the civil war was fought, a fight, one might say, to reclaim what belonged to Guatemala from niggardly outsiders and those wanting to ensure their own success, while the poor Indians had no say in government and were forced to remain loyal to a government that did not share in their interests.Luckily, the civil war came to an end and the violent regimes once waged ceased. However, through the eyes of Montejo and Lupe, we are able to see the lives of the civilians that had to live under the suppress state and the attitudes these people shared for their government, leaving an important legacy for all people to witness, that regimes started by the poor where necessary in order to create a society where everyone had an equal share to the same rights as the elites.

Human Nature and War Essay

The twenty first century is cognize to name begun just the same way that the previous century ended-within a perpetual contend set- the demonstrable words of Pinker, Hobbes and Wilson appear to hit true indeed. Therefore, the Homo Sapiens nature, irrespective of the perspectives of idealists like Dennis Kucinich and John Lennon, is such that the Iraq, Palestine and other few forsaken lands may non attest to the peace failure, but stands for the unavoidability of homosexual madness.With the primarily general acceptance, in case sometimes believed reluctantly, of every individual with regard to the truth, the left antiwarfare has dwindled into governmental ambition and prowess, while Islamic, Christian together with secular Dominionists amongst individuals rush along the perspectives of the stilltual days. However, do all these actions and perceptions perfectly describe the truth that surrounds the military personnel condition? Could it be possible that earthly concern are t rapped, genetically and or otherwise, by the circumstances within this d stimulateward spiral into oblivion?Could individuals like Wilson, Pinker, Lorenz, Ghiglieri and Stoessinger have picked a wrong perception of humanity? It world poweriness be prudent to none that humanism is often related to the incident that individual human beings ought to assure that habits are often picked, hence they are cognitive. Just like childrens brains have been said to develop with regard to the environment within which they are raised, so is the issue regarding human violence.Every individual possesses unique capabilities, whether acquired, developed or inborn, but issues regarding wars and violence are extremely cognitive and these capabilities within individuals only do the role of catalyzing the war-like acts. The mainstream to the internationalistic relations contemporary discipline still depends on key principles that were first enunciated by the Second World War eras scholars. The comp rehensive arguments of the classical realists has attained a few defining concepts within the IR and still effectively shape the general scholarly studys orientation within the field.Wilson effectively alleged that he saw a failure in idealism to take to consideration the entire underlying inborn laws, which made mankind to tend towards aggression and violence. The issue regarding human aggression and violence has been a hotly debated issue amongst international relations theorists who have been known to concentrate on the analysis based on individual levels. The human nature theorists have been said to keenly focus on how individual attributes and characteristics might interact with the decided social environment into producing particular impetuous situations e. g.wars.However, besides focusing on the physical, external environment, the cognitive theorists have been forefront in providing an interpretation regarding the fact that the war-like situations or individual propensiti es to violence are often tied to their mental processes. These cognitive theorists are often convinced that personality, intelligence, as well as learning are often the key relations to aggressive behavior. Although there might never exist scholarly agreements that pin down the key inducing to war, there certainly is one factor that might seem too weighty with regard to the same.On the other hand, motivations might present themselves within various perspectives for the individuals initiating violence than for the individuals undertaking the violence acts. For instance, within the 3rd Punic War, the leaders of Rome might have wished to create war using Carthage in station to attain an effective means of eliminating an extremely resurgent rival, although the individual soldiers might have received the motivation from a desire to obtain money. Since several individuals are involved, violence activities might acquire a life of their own, from distinct motivations confluence.Within th e text, Why Nations Go to War, written by Stoessinger John G. , this author effectively points proscribed the fact that every side often claims that their fight is often justified by morality. He also argues that any rationale for starting a war often relies upon the overly optimistic outcome assessment of hostilities (costs and causalities), as well as the foes intentions misperceptions. Most cognitive theorists believe in the fact that previous war environments often lead individuals into planning, as well as assessing various other ways of executing activities that result to war.Since the tactical and strategic war aspects are dynamic, doctrines and theories associated with warfare are always created afterwards, during or even before each major war. Grossman, another cognitive theorist claimed that each age had its own war type, its own limiting factors, as well as its own peculiar or unique preconceptions. However, the constant factor is the employment of an extremely nonio nised level of violence by the war activities together with the life and property destructions, which necessarily follow.This depicts the fact that these activities are often linked to a sequence of activities that might have happened previously thus adopted. The society, therefore, adopts previous aggressiveness and creates more activities that are geared towards war. With regard to aggression, most human nature theorists, including Lorenz have a smell that the attribute is often involuntary and often originates from within. However, although Fry agrees with the fact that aggression might have been a part of the nature of human beings, perhaps even neurologically or genetically, but the way in which aggression is often played out bases itself on culture rather than just nature.Nomadic hunters and gatherers (currently or in the past), are considered egalitarian societies that are not entirely absent of all limited violence or aggression, but all its members might not dress extreme or wide scale violence within warfare. Instead, they possess several methods of managing conflicts and reconciliation techniques that minimize aggression or violence. Therefore, in this case, it should be prudent to note that there might be several examples within human nature of cooperation and peace within the human historys bulk than of war and violence.On the contrary, social democrats together with socialists happen to maintain the Marxist ideology that every human being is infinitely good and malleable, although this notion might not effectively work either. With regard to human behavior, it is obvious that nature takes up a considerable role regulating it. Pinker might be extremely rectify when he argues that individuals never get into this world in the form of bank slates. Moreover, the words bad or good are so superficial and wisplike that they cannot do individuals any real service.On the other hand, Left-Libertarians, anarchists together with other progressives joined hands with cognitive theorists in effectively agreeing that human beings are neither bad nor good, and that they are a combination of nurture and nature, and that under particular conditions, certain human adaptations (or traits) might effectively emerge penultimate. This, therefore, signifies the fact that every violence related activity is often fueled by both the nature of human beings together with the environmental influences that surround him (Alcock, 2001).Yet the classical realist conceptions legacy of an extreme aggressive and egoistic humanity may still be reflected within the several distinct ways within contemporary international relations. An individualistic and competitive view regarding human nature still appears to underlie a variety of arguments regarding international politics, informing the ultimate, key security dilemma concept. Because humans are often viewed as lustful towards power, as well as individual desires and gains, no group or individual may be pander from others threat.These others might be distinct, foreign, and alien and could thus be considered as opposed. Within the state system and the contemporary international politics, business as usual depends on the difference demonization and the expulsion and rejection of the other so as to reify borders and foster national identity. Although several human nature theorists strive to bring their ideology to table regarding the inner being that exhibits activities that relate to violence, none of them compares to Pinker, a master phrase-turner, as well as a handy individual with regard to concepts (Dawkins, 1981).He makes use of the gear concept to explain the fact that a gene, which disrupts a mental capability does not need to be defective in a similar way, genes can effectively impact on the number of complex traits within humans. He, therefore, concludes that genes have the ability to result to a variety of social disruptions. harmonize to him, these genes might be hereditary or a cquired through transfusions (1981). Pinker effectively concentrates on three distinct ideological myths or dogma, which inform all academic theories regarding the human nature.First the notion of the blank slate that addresses the fact that the environment is the key impact to human nature (e. g. violence activities) often, lip service is accorded to innate structure, although after that, anything could be extremely possible to the unlimited ability of human brain to learn as long as the right environment is accorded. Second is the tactual sensation within the machine that explains that the mind, soul and psyche are distinct from brain, body and matter (Dawkins, 1981).Often, this always attains a reference of dualism it effectively sets up an extreme bank note between psychology-neurology, mind-brain, man-animal etc. This could be said to be among the considerable disasters of the western thought, and often gets into the way of human happiness. The third notion addresses the idea of romantics or savage, which claims that subjective things are often good and unblemished as long as they are not tainted by the society. With this regard, Pinker explains that every individual human is liable for his activities without any particular influence from the environment (Carl, 1991).It could then be argued after reading Frys piece that there could be extremely something distinct within nomadic hunters and gatherers than within states or chiefdoms that might lead individuals to ever increasing warfare and violence. Cognitive theories maintain that all human attributes and behavior including violent attributes are often learned via interaction with the entire social environment. The theorists assert that individuals are never born with any violent dispositions. Rather, they often acquire cultivation and learn to act and think violently from their daily experiences.Proponents to the behaviorist tradition insist that these experiences might incorporate the observations made to friends and families being rewarded for their absolute violent tendencies, or even making observations regarding the media glorification of violence. For instance studies about family life exhibit the fact that aggressive children always reflect the behaviors or attributes of their parents. Several studies have also revealed that individuals who live within violent prone communities often learn to reflect the aggressive nature of their neighbors.Cognitive theorists have effectively argued that the following factors aid in yielding violent behaviors and wars 1. A stressful stimulus or event- like a challenge, assault or threat. 2. Aggressive techniques or skills acquired through continuously observant others behavioral tendencies. 3. The belief that violence or aggression may be socially rewarded (for example by earning other individuals praise, providing material goods, enhancing self esteem or reducing frustration). 4.An extreme value system, which condones violent and agg ressive acts in particular social contexts. Earlier, empirical tests to these four principles were perceived as promising (Bartol, 2002). Due to this, behavioral theory contributed directly to the effective development and integration of social learning, deviance theories, among the most influential and significant of all known criminological theories may be subject to detailed discussions within the report titled Social Learning and Violence.Although social Darwinism might have declined within popular favor as a result of the World Wars experience, the 20th century might not have seen the eventual attempts to elaborate human behavior with regard to evolved genetic predispositions. The sociobiology founder, Edward Wilson, defined this as a systematic biological basis study of every social behavior. This evolutionary theory branch inspired a variety of scholars of the IR to return arguments that are classical and realists with regard to human nature, despite Waltzs individual concer ns together with investigating their confidence within evolutionary science.These scholars have been seek to combine the rational choice theorys elements with revolutionary arguments in a bid to provide proof of the claims that might have been previously considered peanut and unknowable. This entire sentiment is effectively addressed within perhaps the boldest way by Thayer Bradley in an article International Security published in 2000.

Principles of Macroeconomics Essay

Topic Tolstoys narrator remarks that Ivan Ilychs vivification has been intimately simple and approximately ordinary and accordingly most terrible (731). Explain how the events of Ivans support support this assessment. What is terrible about the ordinary? on that point are many milestvirtuosos in ones conduct. Graduating college, acquire a job, getting married, buying a house and having kids. For most people these are joyous events that are celebrated with family and helpers and come with hard work. However several(prenominal) people go through a different mindset towards animateness. They perform tasks for the mere sake of getting the job done and sustenance almost seems like a check list. There is a difference between being a eff and truly living. Being a function is fulfilling the responsibilities and duties that are required of you. Truly living is when you captivate either moment and make the most of it. One appreciates the handsome pleasures in life sentence an d is satisfied with what he or she has. It is lento to go through life without realizing you are not knowing it. We get so caught up in trying to be the best version of ourselves that we dont stop and appreciate the sm all things that bring every day joy. In The Death of Ivan Ilych Leo Tolstoy examines the life of a man, Ivan, who would rescue seemed to live a typical life with adequate wealth, mellow position, and family.However as we read on we come to clear up that he is living almost robotically. Relationships dont have much value in his life. He does what he debates is the right thing to do, and follows the examples of everyone around him. He is scared of getting left behind and wants to make a name for himself. This leads to Ivan Ilychs life being most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible (1458). His life ends up being a total waste with no real friends, no rapture and lots of regret. It is not until Ivan is on his death bed in his final momentsthat he r ealizes that the individualal relationships we forge are to a greater extent important in life than who we are or what we own. But by then its too late. Todays society is very lush paced everyone is always on the go. People think about the big picture and miss the small details of life. This is a very common mistake in the western culture. All working people want to follow the script of life, exactly there are some extremists like Ivan that take it to the next level. With every aspect in his life he wants to be perfect and will do anything to achieve and maintain his status.An example of his extreme behavior is his love life. Ivan was at a point in his life where he settled down in a parvenue town and life was pleasant. There he met his coming(prenominal) married woman, Praskovya Fedorovana Mikhel, who was the most inviting, clever and brilliant girl of the set in which he moved (1461). He establishes a light relation with her and slowly she falls in love with him. Ivan had no intension of marrying her, he thinks of his marriage primarily in terms of himself. He thinks of marrying her only because she had all the qualities that he thinks a veracious wife is supposed to have she came from a good family, was good looking, had an income and it marriage was considered the right thing by most highly placed of his associates (1461). So Ivan gets married it doesnt choke like he is madly in love with her. Its more than like he marries her because other people tell him its a good thing to do and he doesnt have any objections. For Ivan other peoples approval and views matter more than his own views. Marriage is one of the most important and joyous events in ones life mostpeople get married when they think is the right judgment of conviction for them and with whom they think is the right person, however for Ivan its just another task on the checklist. In other words Ivan got married just for the sake of getting married.There was no joy or excitement he makes m arriage look like a simple and ordinary event in ones life. Relationships are easy to make but hard to maintain. As Ivans married life goes on he realizes that marriage is not as easy and pleasant as he thought. As things started to alter in his life, he felt depressed and helpless. He wants to escape and live life his own way, gull friends over for a game of cards and go to the club in the evenings. On the other hand his wife wanted him to spend more date with her and there was nothing ill-treat with that, it is expected. Every wife wantsher husband to spend time with her especially while shes pregnant. However for Ivan his work is more attractive because it brings him success and thats whats most important to him.He doesnt understand the importance of family and ignores his wife Ivan spends more time at work and becomes more ambitious than before. Money is an essential need in life and it is a mans responsibility to provide his family with all the comforts of life, since the m en are usually the breadwinners of the household. However if you pay too much attention to money it can damage your relationship with your family because you lose out on time with them. Relationships with family have a much larger effect on quality of life than money does. However Ivan fails to realize this and concentrations totally on work, it is not until hes on his death bed that he understands the importance of family in life but by then its too late.Going back into his childishness it is clear that Ivan was just what he remained for the rest of his life a capable, cheerful, good-natured, and sociable man (1459). Everyone has someone or the other who they look up to and follow in life. Ivan was attached to people of high position, therefore established friendly relations with them. He took their blueprint of life which consisted to wealth and social status and blindly followed it. Ivan did all the things they did, even though he didnt like what he was doing. He was disgusted w ith himself and regarded everything he did to be wrong but because all these things were done by people with good position, it did not matter (1459). Childhood is the best part for most people they do what they want, dont care about others and most importantly have fun.However Ivan got so caught up in being the best version of himself, he missed all these cheerful things. He did what he thought to be the right things, which were the things done by successful people. It is not bad to follow successful people, everyone should do that however not to the extent that Ivan did. He did not listen to his effect or brain. He even chose his friends on the base of their social status and not whether he liked them or not. If something seemed wrong to him, he tried to forget it only because it was regarded right by the people with good position. There wasnt anything special about his childhood, he basically followed a script. After law school Ivans life is pleasant he performs his job and makes his career in the province. Laterin his life he takes up the post of examining magistrate in a new town (1460). His social life picks up where it left off. Ivan picked out the best circle of legal gentlemen and wealthy gentry living in the town (1461) to associate with. Heres another example where Ivan does something because it seems the right thing to do. He wanted to be recognized in society and be powerful so he establishes relationships with rich and powerful people. It didnt matter if he liked them or not.The relationships he developed with them were on the surface and were just a show, compared to normal friendships that last forever. These men did not have any heart and soul in his life and vice versa this is proven when he passed away and his friends care more about their promotions rather than being sad on a loss of a friend. People always compare their lifestyles and what they have to their friends and people around them. Its a non-ending cycle of always wanting what yo u dont have. Ivan was never content with what he had, and it was evident in his life choices. After working as an examining magistrate for a while he was expecting to be offered the post of a presiding judge in a University town (1463). Instead to his nuisance a colleague got the post. In response to this he quit his job. He began actively hunting for a better position and succeeded. His friend helped him land a position that was two times better than his old one.He was thrilled that he proved his colleagues wrong who failed to appreciate him. It is evident that he was more insane to show off his new position to his enemies than to be genuinely happy about being able to provide more for his kids and wife. We should always take a moment to step back and enjoy what they have before life makes us realize its too late. With Ivans new job came more money. This led to a bigger and better lifestyle. He bought a grand house and furnished it with expensive pieces. Slowly his ambitiousness of having everything he could ever dream of was coming true. He had obtained the status he always wanted, purchased all the expensive things and was slowly getting satisfied with everything. As he settled in to the new lifestyle he always wanted he quickly became bored. It wasnt as great as he thought it would be. All throughout his life he always looked at the big picture. He was so concentrated on getting his dream job, house and lifestyle that he didnt enjoy and appreciate the small pleasures that came along the way. He sacrificed all the small joys of life for the end result and now that it was time for Ivan to enjoy the results ofhis hard work, life took a turn in the opposite direction. As he was setting up his new house, he injured himself while putting up curtains.As time went on his injury got worse, and he was never able to fully enjoy the things he had worked for. Ivans life had no special moments, as he never understood the joy in small achievements. He took them as sim ple and ordinary things. As we examine Ivans life it is clear to us that it was a total failure as most of the time he was lonely and didnt have any friends or family he confided his worries to. He never gainful attention to his relationships and did not make an effort towards them. As his Injury gets worse it begins to take a toll on his life, forcing him to stay at home. Now that he is at home all the time he begins thinking of his life and starts reflecting on it.Slowly everything hits him. All the mistakes he made are becoming clear to him from his childhood to his relationship with his wife to his job. He is realizing he spent his whole life chasing what he thought would make him a happy man and that he really wasnt happy at all. He did not establish any friendships at a young age, and the ones that he did were not real, they were on the surface. His life is flashing before his eyes. The empty feeling he had his whole life is turning into regret. As he thinks about his mistak es he realizes that he intended to live life in a certain way, but ended up living in a completely different manner. Like everyone else Ivan didnt realize this while he wasmaking these mistakes. He wasted his life running after wealth and status and failed to build real relationships. In reality he didnt achieve anything in life other than tangible objects. We as the reader saw these opportunities for him to change throughout his life. As a child Ivan didnt like what he was doing. He was disgusted with the things he did to become one of the high positioned people.He could have understood that this is not the right way to live life but he was so determined to achieve his goal he turned wrong things into right in his eyes. Later on in his life after he got married, his wife showed frustration towards him, she wasnt happy with the way of his lifestyle. Most people care about their close ones and try to change for them, whereas Ivan ran away from the situation and started working more a nd spending less time with his family. He did the opposite of what a normal person would do. Instead of listening to his heart and brainhe changed his morals instead of strengthening his relations he neglected them. His life choices were ordinary it seemed like he was just being springy and not truly living. Normally when people die, they are remembered for all the memories and great things they did.Their loved ones grieve over the loss of a friend and family member. A person leaves a legacy after passing away. Many want that legacy to be one of the good times and the memories spent with people you love. However Ivan was goalless in doing that. He was so obsessed with being successful while he was alive it was evident his friends were friends with him for all the wrong reason. After receiving the news of their friend Ivans death the first thought of each of his friends was of the changes and promotions it might occasion amongthemselves or their acquaintances (1453). Instead of bei ng sad, his friends thought of the benefits theyd get. This shows the type of friendship he had established with his friends. Not only had his friends, his wife too thought about the benefits of his death. Her main concern was how she could obtain a grant of money from the government on the occasion of her husbands death (1457).This was a result of Ivans behavior and lack of love towards her. She was a good and loving person but over time marriage changed her. While Ivan was alive he didnt treat her with love or give her the place of a wife in his life. Ivans wifes and friends behavior give a perfect picture of how he lived his life. He just fulfilled his responsibilities just for the sake of getting them done. Ivan was ordinary in the sense that he had no friends or loved ones. For an outsider looking in on his life he had it all a big house, nice car, wife, kids and respectable job. However life is not about the tangible objects houses and cars are just materials but life has a bi gger meaning than that.At the end of the day if all the objects were to be taken away from him he has no relationships to hold onto. Life always boils down to the relationships we have, our loved ones and the happiness of our families. It is unfortunate that Ivan realized this when it was too late and he couldnt do anything about it. Hence his life was most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible. Ivans misunderstanding of the things that truly mattered in life is what made his life so terrible. Love, respect, intimacy, and happiness are the things that really make life worth living not wealth, power, and property.

Arg Container Terminal

CARIBBEAN MARITIME INSTITUTE lo drill upine magnetic pole movements ARJ Container Terminal Prep ard by Revalino Bennett, Andrew Gibson, Jenoir Dick, Oshane Polson, Tandra Morris, Jodian Braham For Mr. Reyon McIntyre Due Date November 15th, 2012 Table of Contents component Page Section A- GeneralIntroduction IV A-2 ARG Air layout 1-2 A-3 Abbreviations A-4 Working Hrs A-5 Entry Passes A-6 General Customs Formalities Section B- Landside Operations B-1 entry Operations B-2 Terminal Access B-3 Exit Validation B-4 Checking Activity at Gate B-5 Inter Terminal Transport B-6 Customs critique Section C- vas Operation C-1 Marine Requirements C-101 Working Hrs C-102 Vessel Arrival NoticeC-103 Documents Required C-104 Establishing Communication C-105 Pilotage C- 2 Berth and force back supplying C-201 Pro-forma Vessel Schedules C-202 Advance Schedules C-203 Initial Vessel visit Information C-204 Detailed Vessel claver Information C-205 Communication on the Port of Salalah Game Plan C-206 C eachs outback(a) Pro-forma C-207 Vessel Connections C-208 Technical Information on the Vessel C-209 Notice of Readiness Section D- Load and Discharge Operation D-1 General D-101 gantry Crane might D-102 flogging D-103 cook up C all over Moves and Restows D-104 Use of Special Equipment D-105 Bay Planning and Stability CalculationsD-106 Definition of Loading/Discharging of Containers D-107 Reporting D-108 Storage D-109 Data Amendment D-2 Discharge Operation D-201 Vessel Profile Information D-202 Discharge List Information D-203 Checking Activity During Discharge (Tally) D-204 Reporting D-205 Short-landed Container D-206 Over-Landed Container D-3 Load Operation D-301 Pre-Plan D-302 Load List Information D-303 Re-Nomination of commitment D-304 Pro-Forma Cargo Dead force D-305 Checking Activity during Load (Tally) D-306 Reporting D-307 Short- enchantped Container D-308 Over-ravishped Container D-4 Yard Inventory D-5 Vessel Bunkering, Repair, and Supply of ProvisionSection E - Break Bulk and Over Dimensional Cargo E-1 Requirements E-2 Restrictions F- Direct Deliveries G- dodgy Cargo H- Leakage/ dismission of Cargo I- Container Freight broadcast Activities J- Weighbridge K- Miscellaneous Services L- Damage and Claims L-01 Damage to Lines Equipment (Without Prejudice) L-02 Damage to Lines Vessel (Without Prejudice) L-03 Damage Ca utilize by Third Parties L-04 Damage to Port Facilities/Equipment/Personnel M Longstanding Cargo N- Reefer Containers Section O- Port safety and surety O01 Rules & Regulations O02 International Ship and Port Security (ISPS) O02. ISPS Measures by Port of Salalah O02. 2 ISPS Requirements for the Line O03 X-Ray Inspection of Containers Introduction The competition among container ports continues to increase because of di? erentiating factors such as services, location and doance. These factors make up some of the major key selection criterias international exaltation companies consider when selecting a transshipment port. With that in mind we the owners and managers at ARJ Container Terminal pass oning be trying to attract carriers with our automating handling equipment, the speeding up various services, and providing the most current development on the ? w of containers. At the alike time, however, we lead reduce costs by utilizing our resources e? ciently, including human resources, berths, container, kBs, quay genus Gruss, and various railway evidence equipment. Our key and optimum advantage lead be our location. This location in Little Bay, Little London Westmorland Jamaica West Indies provide have the sufficient harbor water depth and dock space that go out make it likely to facilitate docking of up to a Super-Panamax watercraft.Dredging result not be postulate to accommo interpret these large draft vass, hence no disturbance or depletion of whatsoever marine wildlife sanctuaries on the harbour floor or natural habitat will be caused. We and our management team are greatly enchan td by this because outside of us wanting to create an optimal high efficiency container terminal, we in any case want to know that it is done with little or no impact on the surrounding environment and wildlife. ARJ Container Terminal location will be 25 minutes from the capital city of Savanna La Mar and 5 minutes from the A2 South Coast Highway.This will aid greatly in our multimodal point planning for both our clients and ourselves and also compliment positively on the domestic distri saveion side of our company. We are a limited liability company that specialises in container and general charge handling for transshipment and domestic purposes. The company is owned by Shiek Revalino Bennet, Shiek Andre Gibson and Shiek Jenoir Dick and is manage by our seniors directors Oshane Polson, Tandra Morris and Jodian Braham The objective of ARJ is to provide integrated freight service solutions for transit companies worldwide.Due to our highly competent managers, the company will be able to substantially increase its cargo turnover and ensure regular cargo flow, and to compliment our effectiveness we will be the yet terminal on the island of Jamaica with Sea-Rail transshipment cognitive trading operations. This will enhance our domestic function and in turn bringing runner class service to the developing nation of Jamaica. Our developed terminal infrastructure, cargo handling technologies and modern equipment will definitely ensure ARJs competitiveness and peak position in the transit market.We will offer value-added services including impost operations, freight forwarding and logistics solutions so this derriere basically be a one stop shop for our customers/clients. ARJ will employ 111 qualified specia refers in distinct fields to ensure the companys operational efficiency and productivity level is on par with the major terminals around the world and even drop dead if possible. We are predicting from global feedback that our total container flow for 2013 will be approximately 750,000 TEU. ARJ Air Layout Infrastructure Berth Length 290 m Draught 15 m Warehouse theatre of operations 16,310 m2Open-air storage area 120,800 m2 Technical equipment Quay put outs at the vessel STS crane Conventional quay crane Mobile harbor crane For container transfer (horizontal transport) SC (max. stacking capability 1-over-3-high) Reachstacker Terminal tractor with trailer (so-called Tractor-Trailer Unit (TTU)) Multi-trailer (terminal tractors with several trailers) Empty/loaded container handler Shuttle Carrier (ShC stacking capability 1-over-1-high) machine-controlled Guided Vehicles (AGV) Automated SC (max. stacking capability 1-over-2-high) For container transport and stacking within the cubic yard SC Rubber-Tyred Gantry crane (RTG crane) Rail-Mounted Gantry crane (RMG crane) Container handler (like reachstacker or top lifter) OverHead Bridge crane (OHB crane) For the landside operation SC RTG crane RMG crane Reachstacke r TTU At the inland navigation vessel STS crane Conventional quay crane Mobile harbor crane The STS crane drops down containers on TTU that will transport the containers to the stacking area where the boxes are stacked by reach stackers (see systema skeletale 1. 1) or forklift trucks fitted with appropriate spreader frames for container top or side lifting.Due to their versatility in operation, reach stackers are the best choice for our multi-purpose terminal as they are easy to handle, brook be used for stacking in the yard, payload and un shipment of TTUs, road trucks and rail cars on first rail. Including our landside operation, an estimate of 34 reachstackers and 45 TTUs are required per STS crane. The precise number of TTUs in particular will depend on the standoffishness between the berth and the stacking area of the respective operation. The TTUs are used for the transport of the containers between the vessel and the container yard. soma 1. 1- Reachstackers and TTU o peration A storage capacity of approx. 350 TEU per hectare for 3-high stacking and 500 TEU per hectare for 4-high stacking are common figures for our type of yard equipment. The maximum stacking height is 5, container blocks faeces be kept 4-deep due to aid row access. In good example of relocation of capacities reachstackers are easily transported to an early(a) terminal or used for former(a) cargo handling and because of their easy transportation between terminals reachstackers can be used to cover temporary requirements. Straddle Carrier SystemThe STS crane will place containers onto the apron from where the SCs transport them to the stacking yard (see Figure 1. 2 and Figure 1. 3) and stack the containers. The SCs are independent from any otherwise equipment and are able to perform all the different handling operations transport, stacking and the loading/unloading of trucks and rail cars (see Figure 1. 3). SC systems are the optimal system for large size terminals when high f lexibility in the yard and approachability of the boxes are required and thay make it easy to alter the layout of the terminal.A storage capacity of approx. 500 TEU per hectare stacking 2-high (3-high SC) and 750 TEU per hectare stacking 3-high (4-high SC) can be achieved. The maximum stacking height is 4-high. Including landside operation, an estimate of 45 SCs are required per STS crane without considering specific conditions. The system will be supported by container handlers stacking MT boxes and/or RMGs for container handling in the rail yard. Figure 1. 2 Pure SC system Figure 1. 3 SC operations Container transport and stacking and Loading / unloading of rail cars System advantages SCs are able to cover all kinds of horizontal and vertical transports being necessary to perform container moves from the landside terminal interfaces (including truck handling and rail operation) via the container yard to handover positions downstairs the STS cranes at quayside (and vice versa). the containers can be dropped on the ground so that no (or only short) waiting times for handling equipment occur. This kind of container handover enables STS cranes to operate with a high productivity while using a comparatively low number of SCs per crane. high number of concurrent container movements the breakdown of one SC has a comparatively low impact on the total handling process compared to the systems with TTUs the labor costs are lower due to the smaller number of vehicles no disturbance of the operation by trucks because these are loaded/unloaded outside the stacking yard the system is flexible to changes based on operational requirements and terminal layouts can be simply altered as SCs can be easily moved within the terminal since no pre-set routes or tracks are needed Rubber-Tyred Gantry Crane System with Tractor-Trailer UnitsThe STS gantry crane places the container on a TTU unit that transports the container to the storage area where the RTG crane scores the co ntainers in long blocks (see Figure 1. 4). The RTG can be used for TTUs and road trucks as well. The size and structure of the RTG crane is determined according to the requirements of the terminal operator. The system has a very high stacking assiduousness because of the high stacking capability and the block stacking. Long traveling distances on the terminal are less problematic as TTUs transport the containers.RTG cranes will also be effectively used for the handling of containers on road trucks or rail cars. According to manufacturers, up to four tracks can be covered and containers can be stored at the side of the rail tracks. They can be allocated from the yard to the landside operation and vice versa, if necessary. Including landside operation 23 RTGs and 45 TTUss (depending on the distance between berth and stacking area) are required per STS crane. They stack the container in blocks 1-over-4- to -7-high and 5 to 8 container rows plus 1 lane for container handover laneFigure 1. 4 RTG cranes and TTUs in the stacking yard, rail yard operation by RMGs System advantages low space requirement in the stacking area because of the high storage capacity in a small area (high stacking density). The containers can be stacked up to 8- high (i. e. 1-over-7-high)1 without spacing for traveling lanes between the rows. relatively high flexibility as the RTGs can be transported to other storage blocks Rail-Mounted Gantry Crane System These cranes are mounted on fixed rail tracks with a cantilever outside the portal of cranes (see Figure 1. ). Figure 1. 5 RMG cranes with TTUs System advantages RMGs generally stack higher and span wider, with up to 1-over-7-high and 12 containers wide Stacking density of the yard is higher with RMG cranes and can exceed 1,000 TEU per hectare (stacking 4-high) Automated Guided Vehicles The horizontal transport of the containers will be performed with AGVs. (See Figure 1. 6). The handover positions for trucks are located at the top-end of the stacking blocks. The stacking of the containers is usually carried out by automated RMGs.The ShC is designed originally to convey containers between the shipss side and container stacks served by RMG cranes. As it is able to stack containers two high it will also be used for loading and unloading road trucks and rail cars. The shuttle carrier is an alternative aim at more efficiency to handle the container transport between the stacks and the quay cranes, and still importanttain high density stacking by RTG or RMG yard cranes. Figure 1. 6 RMG cranes with AGVs System advantages very low labor costs because of automation high system availability very high productivity of horizontal transport The layout and choice of our equipment and their interface will depend on, amongst others, the number of containers to be handled, for sale area type of hinterland transport. The combination of our terminal equipment to be used will depend on if they are at the vessel, for transp ort tasks between quay and stacking yard ( or reverse) for container stacking, for transport from stacking yard to and from the landside operation area for landside operation itselfOperational areas 1. The area between quay wall and container yard 2. container yard 3. terminal area of landside operations drill the gate, parking, office buildings, custom facilities etc The container yard will be an intermediate storage facility meaning the containers will remain from a couple of hours to some weeks. in that location are different possibilities for the layout of our intermediate storage area. We may have stacking area which is compact, low ground area consuming stack without spacing known as block stack (see Figure 2. 1).In cases like these, yard gantry cranes will be used for the stacking of containers being delivered by terminal equipment of horizontal transport. An alternative is the additive stack (see Figure 2. 2) where the containers are stacked by Straddle Carriers (SC). This type of stacking will have spacing between the container rows and relatively wide terminal roads. trade and import containers will be segregated within the yard area and piled up to 4 containers high and pre-sorted for the various hinterland transport modes. Figure 2. 1 block stacking Figure 2. 2 subscriber bank notear stackingOperational procedures relevant for the handling of containers and container vessels calling at the ARJ Container Terminal Section A General A-1 Abbreviations COD Change of end EDI Electronic Data Interchange EIR Equipment Interchange Report ETC Expected Time of Completion OOG Out of Gauge POD Port of Discharge SSDR Stevedore Ship Damage Report TOS Terminal Operating System A-2 Working Hrs The terminal operates round the clock on the following schedule Terminal Operations 24 hrs except declared everyday holidaysOffice Administration 0700 hrs to 1530 hrs Monday to Friday except declared public holidays Gate Operations 0800 hrs to 1600 hrs Friday exc ept declared public holidays Overtime rates as per Tariff will apply for all activities carried out on declared public holidays. Containers can be received at or released from the gate outside the working hrs shown above at no additional charge (except on public holidays), but precedent notice should be given to the Port to ensure the Gate is staffed appropriately. A-3 Entry Passes Permanent entry passes are issued at the discretion of the Sr.Manager. Application forms are accessible at the main reception of the Container Terminal Administration Building. Permanent entry passes are valid for one year. Monthly & Daily entry passes are issued hooked to proof of authentic business in the terminal. Vehicle entry permits are selectively issued on providing vehicle adaptation and registration papers. A-4 General Customs Formalities The shipping bank line bears in full responsibility for all Customs clearance formalities concerning their cargo. Section B Landside Operations B-1 Ter minal AccessARJ Container Terminal controls access of truckers to the terminal. A trucker is only allowed on the terminal after full identification of the trucker and registration of the terminal visit. Containers are only allowed onto the terminal on instruction of the shipping line that has to provide an acceptance notification to ARJ Gate incision before the container arrives at the gate. Information required will be as follows Container ID and Booking No. Equipment sizing/Type Outbound Vessel / excursion and POD IMO / Reefer / OOG When delivering the container the trucker has to provide Container No. nd Booking No. to gate staff. All full containers will be gated in subject to clearance of Customs formalities by the shipping line. B-2 Exit Validation ARJ performs exit validation. Containers are only allowed to draw a blank the terminal upon release instructions received from the shipping line, provided the customs department does not restrict the container from leaving th e terminal. The shipping line must provide ARJ Gate Department with a hard copy of the release instruction. Information required will be as follows Container ID Receiving Party Identification or Reference spot Date Restrictions if any Full containers will be allowed to depart the terminal only subject to boundary of all customs formalities by the shipping line and full payment of port charges. B-3 Checking Activity at Gate For any containers entering or leaving the gate, the Port will perform a visual check and any deviations from provided data or anomalies are documented and reported to the shipping line. The check includes the following Container ID Equipment size/type opthalmic persecute (external) Visual damage (internal empty containers only) Presence of SealIf any damage to a container is noticed at the gate, then a reference to this will be make on the gate ticket issued. every further checking required e. g. Seal number, or further action like placing of seal or placard is guilty as per Tariff. B-5 Customs Inspection In case ROP orders customs inspection of a container, shipping line should advise the port who will move the container to the customs inspection area and unstuff the cargo as per ROP requirement and subsequently restuff the cargo in the container, such operation to be charged as per Tariff.Section C Vessel Operation Information on vessels calling ARJ to discharge or load containers is to be provided to ARJ planning department by the shipping line or its designated representatives. The Line shall nominate a focal point that can be reached 24 hrs a day by ARJ Planning and Operations Departments in case any issues concerning Vessel Planning / Operation need to be verified. C-1 Vessel Arrival Notice The owner, ships elements or the master of the ship shall enrapture the arrival notice to the Harbour Master 48 hrs before arrival to the Port.He should also inform the Harbour Master with the enlarge of the Ship, its cargo, any ha zardous cargo, cases of indisposition and any defects which affects the vessel manoeuvrability. C-1. 1 Documents Required Insurance cover for third party liabilities, wreck removal and oil pollution Ships registration certificate Port clearance certificate from last port of call ISPS Certificate Class Certificate C-1. 2 Establishing Communication The master of the ship shall leave communication with The Port Authority and request permission to enter the port limits, at to the lowest degree four hrs prior to the estimated time of arrival.The Port Authority will arrange the services of Pilotage, Tugs and Mooring Gang(s), and coordinate with ARJ Terminal Operations to have the gantry cranes and fag gangs ready. Normally cargo operations start upon lowering of the gangplank from the vessel. C-1. 3 Pilotage Pilotage services are available round the clock. Activation time for marine services is 30 minutes. C- 2 Berth and Labour Planning Pro-forma vessel schedules and move counts declared by the l shipping lines form the basis for berth and stevedore / labour planning in the Quay breakwater Schedule.Daily berth planning will also include Initial vessel call information Detailed vessel call information for initial and pro-forma calls accessibility of quay-wall space Vessel connections Based on this information ARJ Planning Department will prepare the day plan C-2. 1 Pro-forma Vessel Schedules Vessel pass pro-forma berth windows are negotiated between the shipping line and ARJ. Berth windows are related to an estimated number of container lifts and the required day and time of the week for the vessel operation.Unless other agreed, vessels will be planned for arrival and departure at pro-forma berth window. Vessels arriving within pro-forma always have priority over vessels out of pro-forma or sequent vessel calls. If it concerns vessels of the same shipping line only, this shipping line may set its own priorities, provided that it does not impact the berth windows of other fare lines. C-2. 2 Advance Schedules The shipping line will provide to ARJ Planning Department future projected schedules every week, from current date to 30 days in advance.Information required will be as follows Vessel Name Inbound / Outbound Voyage ETA / ETD Service C-2. 3 Initial Vessel Call Information The shipping line is accountable for providing initial vessel call information at least 7 work-days prior to the estimated vessel arrival date to ARJ Planning Department. Information required will be as follows Vessel Name Call Sign Inbound / Outbound Voyage ETA / ETD LOA front Port of Call Next Port of Call Estimated Move Count Vessel Service Vessel Operator C-2. 4 Detailed Vessel Call InformationDetailed information is to be provided to ARJ Planning Department for line haul vessels at least 48 hrs and for all other vessels at least 24 hrs prior arrival at the terminal. Information required will be as follows Vessel Name ETA Required E TD Expected Move Count, split as Total number of discharge / load moves OOG discharge / load moves Live reefer discharge / load moves Empty container discharge / load moves IMO class 1 & 7 discharge / load moves Detailed information of any Break Bulk Cargo Upon receipt of this information, ARJ will shrink the final examination berth and labour planning.In case of required changes in the requested ETA / ETD, ARG Planning Department will contact the shipping line to create the best workable solution. The Port has a minimum billing per vessel call for loading/discharging of containers as per Tariff. Vessels are expected to use the Ports shore gantry cranes. any movement or use of the vessels gear while alongside is strictly subject to prior approval from the Port. C-2. 5 Communication on the ARJ Day Plan The Line will pass daily ETA update for their vessels latest at 1000 hrs every day. ARJ will in turn revert with a Day Plan latest at 1500 hrs.In order to provide flexibilit y to our customers, the Day Plan is always considered subject to change. Any agreements that are verbal in nature or those make after office hrs need to be confirm in writing immediately on opening of the next working day. C-2. 7 Vessel Connections Connections other than those agreed to in the pro-forma schedule, have to form part of the Day Plan negotiations and these have to be announced to ARJ Planning Department preferably 48 hrs, but at least 24 hrs before ETA to ensure proper priority setting for the quay-wall. C-2. 8 Technical Information on the VesselFor vessels calling ARJ Container Terminal for the first time or in case of changes to the previously supplied vessel information the shipping line needs to supply ARJ Planning Department with technical information on the vessel at least 72 hrs before arrival. Technical information on the vessel consists of Vessel Name Call Sign LOA Container Layout lather Plan Type of Twist Locks Type of Hatch Covers Mooring Restrictio ns (port / starboard side) Vessel capacitor in TEU Vessel Profile / NSD file (if available) Other peculiarities pertinent to the Vessel StowageFurther details subject to planning or operational needs have to be provided upon request. C-2. 9 Notice of Readiness The Port Authority will issue the vessel with a Notice of Readiness at least 2 hrs prior to the estimated completion of cargo operations, and provided vessel confirms readiness to sail upon cargo completion The Port Authority will arrange to book Pilot, Tugs and unmooring gang(s). Section D Load and Discharge Operation D-1 General D-1. 1 Gantry Crane Capacity Port provides shore-side gantry cranes with minimum capacity of 40 tons under the spreader and there are cranes with up to 65 tons capacity.D-1. 2 Lashing The Port Tariff for loading and discharging of containers includes the cost of lashing and unlashing of containers on board the vessel. Lashing equipment is to be provided by the shipping line. The Port will cont rol unhurt housekeeping of lashing material at all times and handle all lashing gear in a controlled manner and in harmony with accepted safety standards. The Port will also handle discharging and loading of lashing material if required at no additional charge. D-1. 3 Hatch Cover Moves and Restows Hatch Cover moves and restows are chargeable as per tax. D-1. 4 Use of Special EquipmentUse of special equipment for loading/unloading eg slings, frames etc is chargeable as per tariff on per lift basis. D-1. 5 Bay Planning and Stability Calculations The Port will carry out Bay Planning and unloading / sequence of containers in accordance with the information provided by the shipping line as part of its normal service. Container stow plans prepared by the Port are subject to the final confirmation by the Master of the vessel. The Port is amenable for providing information to the shipping line required for stability and lashing calculations, but the Port is not accountable for making t hese calculations.D-1. 6 Definition of Loading/Discharging of Containers Loading / discharging of containers is the handling by the Port of the containers between the stowage position onboard the vessel and the position in the container yard of the Port. No additional shiftings make based on any change in the information or additional information provided by the shipping line are included, and such additional shiftings made are chargeable as per tariff. Import / export containers pay truck loading / unloading charge as per tariff. D-1. 7 ReportingThe Port makes reports as per shipping lines required format and frequency to the operator of the vessel for all containers loaded/discharged and in case of vessels loading containers belonging to more than one shipping line, to each shipping line for their containers. D-1. 8 Storage Containers are stored in the Container Yard of the Port subject to the applicable Freetime and Container Storage rates as per Tariff. D-1. 9 Data Amendment Dat a Amendment charges as per Tariff apply in case the discharge and / or load lists are not provided in time to the Port, or in case there is any change to the information provided.Any Data Amendment that involves containers being shifted from one stack to other will incur shifting charges in addition as per Tariff. D-2 Discharge Operation D-2. 1 Vessel Profile Information The shipping line is responsible for communicating the discharge, re-stow and remain-on-board instructions at least 24 hrs prior to the arrival of the vessel to ARJ Planning Department. For vessels with less than 24 hrs steaming time from the previous port, these details are to be provided as soon as information becomes available. The Bay-plan of the arriving vessel is to be sent via EDI message.D-2. 2 Discharge List Information The discharge list is to be provided to ARG Planning Department 24 hrs prior arrival for mother vessels and 18 hrs prior arrival for feeder vessels. Exceptions will be made on a case to cas e basis for vessels with lesser time as compared to these deadlines in which case load instructions have to be made available as soon as possible. D-2. 3 Checking Activity During Discharge (Tally) During the discharge process, ARJ will perform a visual check and any deviations from provided data or anomalies are documented and reported to the Line.This check also covers any restows. The check includes the following Container ID Equipment Size / Type Visual Damage Presence of seal (On request) Any further checking required eg Seal number, CSC plate validity etc or further action like placing of seal or placard is chargeable as per Tariff. D-2. 5 Short-landed Container When a container is reported short-landed, ARJ Planning Department will contact the Line. Information will be provided as follows Container ID Vessel / Voyage Stowage position utter for the container Reasons for Short-LandingContainer Terminal Operational Guidelines Issued 1 D-2. 6 Over-Landed Container When a container(s) is reported as over-landed, ARJ Planning Department will contact the vessel operator. Information will be provided as follows Container ID Seal Number Status (full / empty) Equipment Type / Size Stowage Position the container was found in IMO / Reefer information as far as possible Reasons for Over-landing The shipping line will investigate ownership / operator of the container and decide whether the container must be re-stowed or remain discharged.The shipping line will supply full container details to ARJ Planning Department and advise further action before vessel departure. D-3. 3 Re-Nomination of Cargo In the event of rollover of cargo for whatever reason, the Line is expected, within 12 hrs of vessel departure, to communicate to ARJ Planning Department, the name of the new vessel which will load the cargo. Every such renomination incurs a charge as per Tariff. D-3. 4 Pro-Forma Cargo Deadline In principle, all containers must be in the yard upon arrival of th e vessel in order to maintain vessel schedule faithfulness and ensure efficient stevedore operations.The following will be taken into account Vessel schedule reliability / integrity should not be affected Berth / Crane productivity should not be unduly impacted Line, Port and Customs requirements The shipping line is responsible for ensuring that all cargo is available for loading prior vessel arrival. Same applies to cargo on hold or any other cargo released by the shipping line but not ready for loading due to any particular reason. D-3. 5 Checking Activity during Load (Tally) During the load process, ARJ will perform a visual check and any discrepancies or anomalies are documented and reported to the shipping line.This check includes restows. The check includes the following Stowage Position Visual Damage Presence of Seal Any further checking required eg Seal number, CSC plate validity etc or further action like placing of seal or placard is chargeable as per Tariff. D-3. 6 Reporting ARJ Planning Department will update the shipping line with the ETC before and after start of vessel operation and advice the vessel and The Port Authority 2 hrs notice prior to vessel departure. Once vessel planning is completed ARJ will forward a BAPLIE to the vessel.An updated BAPLIE will be delivered minimum 1/2 hour before completion of cargo operations. ARJ is able to provide the shipping line with EDI Load check Messages (COARRI) at frequencies agreed to with the shipping line. In addition to the EDI information a recap of the final load and a confirmed load list (CLL) will be sent to the Shipping line via E-mail earliest after vessel departure. In case of EDI failure ARJ will provide the shipping line with a Bay Plan of the load condition upon request.Any urgent or critical matters relating to discrepancies in reporting are to be addressed with the ARJ Planning Department D-3. 7 Short-Shipped Container When a container is reported as short-shipped, ARJ Planning D epartment will contact the shipping line. Information will be provided as follows Container ID Vessel / Voyage Port of Discharge Stowage position stated for the container Reasons for Short-Shipping D-3. 8 Over-Shipped Container When a container is reported as over-shipped, ARJ Planning Department will contact the shipping line.Information will be provided as follows Container ID Vessel / Voyage Container Operator for the over-shipped container Status (full / empty) Category (export / transhipment) Stowage Position (if available) IMO Details Reefer Details Reasons for Over-Shipping D-4 Yard Inventory ARJ Planning Department will provide the shipping line with weekly Yard Inventory Reports for all laden and empty containers. In addition ARJ will also provide on a weekly basis a list of laden containers in the yard, which do not have a nominated on carrying vessel or POD.The shipping line will verify the missing details and revert with an update within 24 hrs of having re ceived the input from ARJ. Any re-nomination or COD is chargeable as per Tariff. D-5 Vessel Bunkering, Repair, and Supply of Provision Vessel bunkering, repair and provisioning activities have to be communicated to ARJ Planning Department at least 48 hrs before arrival of the vessel. These activities are only allowed after approval of ARJ and are subject to safety and security procedures issued by the Port.These activities should not delay the vessel stevedoring operation and must be completed within the operational working time of the vessel unless otherwise agreed. Only in exceptional cases may the stevedoring operations be stopped or the vessel port time extended because of these activities. Section E Break Bulk and Over Dimensional Cargo E-1 Requirements The Shipping line is expected to provide information at least 48 hrs in advance of the vessel arrival to the ARJ Planning and Operations Department on any break-bulk employment on vessels that is planned at ARJThe following In formation has to be provided Arrival / Ongoing transportation via water / via land Handling by Container Gantry Crane / External Crane Piece count Measurements Cargo Description Weight Position on Vessel Complete description including sketches, diagrams, photographs etc in jpeg / bmp format Customs Approval Confirmation For over dimensional unitised cargo, the shipping line is expected to provide a complete Out of Gauge sheer as part of the documentation submitted for a vessel call.Undeclared, wrongly declared, poorly stowed or incorrectly packaged break-bulk or over dimensional cargo is subject to a fine as per Tariff. Port has the option of measuring and/or weighing the cargo to check the measurements and/or weight. The Port will provide warehouse for storing this cargo if required at no additional charge subject to availability. Any other equipment required for yard handling will be chargeable as per Tariff. Loading or Discharging and Quay Handling will be charged as pe r the applicable charges of the Tariff.Free time will apply as per the tariff for over dimensional containers, and storage charges will apply as per the tariff for over dimensional containers based on the length. E-2 Restrictions Waterside handling restrictions are always subject to specific approval from ARG Planning and Operations Departments but approximately are as under Dimensions Height Length Width Weight 10 m 18 m 6 m 65 MT Shipping lines are expected to taken to take approval from the terminal prior acceptance of bookings involving break-bulk and over dimensional cargoes.Section F Direct Deliveries For exceptional cases there exists a possibility for accepting or delivering containers under the hook for direct loading / discharging. For safety reasons this activity will have to comply with ARJ Rules and Regulations. The Port should be advised at least 24 hrs before the arrival of the vessel at the Pilot Station of any planned direct delivery containers. The following infor mation should be provided Container ID Time of delivery Contents of the container Hazardous Details (IMO Class, UN No. and Manifests as required Port of Salalah will inform the Line about the expected time of loading or discharge of the container. The requested direct delivery has to be confirmed to ARJ three (3) hrs before arrival of the vessel. Section G Dangerous Cargo The shipping line bears the full responsibility for compliance to all rules and regulations governing the handling and transportation of Dangerous Cargo. Packing, labeling, declaration, stowage and documentation have to comply with the IMDG Rules and Regulations for Sea Containers as well as local anesthetic laws and any directions given by local and Port Authorities.The Dangerous Cargo Manifest has to be provided to ARJ Planning Department at least 24 hrs before vessel arrival. The Line is responsible for glut and sufficiency of the manifest. ARG will stow dangerous cargo container on the vessel as per instr uctions from the Line. Dangerous cargo containers pay additional charges for loading and discharging as per Tariff. Handling dangerous goods containers belonging to IMO classes 1 and 7 require special attention and permissions from the terminal and other competent authorities.Dangerous cargoes requiring special handling will be entitled to reduced free-time as compared to normal containers and will be subject to separate storage rates as per Tariff. Section H Leakage / waiver of Cargo Leakage of cargo contents from a container can be reported either by the shipping line on receiving information from the vessel or by ARJ staff while they are handling it in the terminal. On being made aware of a leakage, the shipping line will immediately advise its nominated surveyor to carry out a survey of the leaking container in conjunction with ARJ Health, Safety, Security Environment Department.On receiving the surveyors report, the shipping line will be responsible for taking necessary step s to arrange for re-packing of cargo through third party contractors or alternatively for cross-stuffing of cargoes, as per the advice received from the surveyor. forwards movement of such cargo from ARJ will be strictly subject to clearance from ARJ, that the leakage has been stopped and container is cargo and sea worthy for onward transport. Spillage of cargo will be solely on account of the shipping line as will a penalty charge applied as per tariff till corrective action is taken to stop the leakage.Section I Container Freight Station Activities ARJ has capabilities for container cargo rework, cross stuffing and CFS activities. Arrangements can be made via the CFS Co-ordinator. Section J Weighbridge Port has a weighbridge and shipping line can issue instructions for any container to be weighed at charges as per tariff. Section K Miscellaneous Services Port can offer various services such as sweeping containers, fitting or removing tarpaulins, knocking down ends of flatbeds, pack flatbed containers, applying or removing placards, fixing seals etc, all of which are chargeable as per tariff.Section L Damage and Claims The Damage Claims Section of ARJ is responsible for dealing with damages caused to the shipping lines equipment, its vessels or to port facilities, equipment or its personnel. L-3 Damage Caused by Third Parties If damage is caused to containers or vessels by parties other than ARJ, then ARJ will undertake repairs only at the specific request of the shipping line at its risk and account. L-4 Damage to Port Facilities/Equipment/PersonnelThe shipping line will be to the full responsible for all costs and consequence arising due to any damage caused by it, to port facilities, equipment or personnel. Section M Longstanding Cargo Consignments stay in the port in excess of the following periods will be subject to auction. Any cargo, for which the respective Port and Customs charges have not been remunerative will be considered frustrated and may be auctioned and sold by ARJ after the following time periods One Month Refrigerated Containerized Cargo and other cargo considered perishable Three Months All other Containerized Cargo Section N Reefer Containers Live reefers will be plugged and unplugged as a standard activity in the stevedoring operations subject to availability of connections, at the temperature setting advised by the Line. Reefer monitoring and maintenance is carried out by the Container Service section of the Maintenance Services Department, and is chargeable as per tariff (charge includes electric supply). Monitoring of reefer containers is carried out at least every 8 hrs and any faults will be immediately reported to the Line.Export reefers can be pre-cooled if required and electric supply/monitoring charges commence from the time of plug-in. The Port can arrange PTI (Pre-Trip Inspection) of reefer containers and also can retrieve temperature data from the reefer data logger, both activities charge able as per Tariff. Section O Port Safety and Security O-1 Rules Regulations The Port of Salalah Rules Regulations is issued by the Port Authorities and applies to all users of the Port. The complete document is available on the Port of Salalah Website. Container Terminal Operational Guidelines Issued 1 stMarch 2007 30 O-2 International Ship and Port Security (ISPS) The Port of Salalah is certified as fully compliant with all requirements laid down under the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS). All vessel operators are expected to fulfil requirements pertaining to their role as specified in the ISPS Code. O-2. 1 ISPS Measures by Port of Salalah Port of Salalah has designated a Port Facility Security Officer (PFSO) and a Deputy PFSO (DPFSO) as point of contact for all issues pertaining to ISPS rules and regulations for the Port of Salalah. O-2. 2 ISPS Requirements for the Line Shipping Agents must submit ISPS vessel certification, ETA of the vessel, Crew list , estimated port stay and last 10 ports of calls to the Port Control 48 hrs prior to vessel arrival. This information is to be sent to emailprotected com The Ships Security Officer must submit a completed Declaration of Security (DOS) of the vessel through the shipping agent to the Port Security Officer for endorsement upon berthing. Enquiries on the Port Security Level are to be directed to HSSE department. All users of port facilities must pageantry facility passes at all times while at the facility.To apply for pass, please contact the HSSE department Port users must stop at all facility access control for Security check. Any violation will result in rejection of facility access For further information / clarification please feel free to contact the Port Facility Security Officer. Tel. 968 23219500 ext 466 / 409 / 406 O-3 X-Ray Inspection of Containers Port of Salalah has modern X-Ray screening facilities, and in case any container is required to be screened, the Line shoul d advise the Port who will make the necessary arrangements, which is chargeable as per Tariff.