Society and Culture Essay Example for Free

Society and Culture Essay A. Background of the Study Nowadays, Filipino teenagers tend to be liberated and patterned their lifestyle based on western culture. If this is all to be considered, the culture of being conservative from our ancestors will be gone. Premarital Sex is now treated by many as natural or normal. Mostly teenagers occur to this even outside marriage. They continue doing this because it does satisfy their sexual pleasures. They are not aware that what they are doing is a sin called fornication. Fornication means sexual immorality or voluntary sexual intercourse between two persons of the opposite sex, where one or both are unmarried. This study will attempt to analyze how open minded Far Eastern University students on Premarital Sex. It is hoped that the result of this study will help to determine the length of open mindedness of Far Eastern University students on Premarital Sex. B. Statement of the Problem This study was conducted to determine the length of open mindedness of Far Eastern University students, specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of: age and gender 2. Are Far Eastern University students are open minded about premarital sex? C. Significance of the Study For church, sociologists and other institutions who does not promoting premarital sex, this research study will help to determine the length of open mindedness of students on premarital sex. To the students, the students will help the researcher to give their opinions about the study, they will also benefit on recommendations made by the researchers to not engage on  premarital sex. Lastly, to the researcher, this information will serve as their guide to the future youth on determining the length of open mindedness of Far Eastern University students on premarital sex and recommendation to not engage on premarital sex. D. Scope and Delimitation This study focused on determining the length of open mindedness of Far Eastern University students on premarital sex and recommendation to not engage on premarital sex. There will be 100 respondents of Far Eastern University students. The study of factors why they engaged on premarital sex is beyond the scope of the study. E. Materials, Methods and Procedures This study employed the descriptive method in gathering information regarding â€Å"Are Far Eastern University students open minded about premarital sex†. It is employed internet research method. The subject of this study were drawn from 100 students of Far Eastern University. Data were gathered through survey questionnaire. The researcher chose the respondents through random sampling so that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. The research instrument used in conducting this study was the questionnaire type with the instruction that can be easily understood by the respondent, this questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of knowing the length of open mindedness of Far Eastern University on premarital sex. The first draft of questionnaire was forwarded to the society and culture professor for corrections and suggestions. After the professor validated and enriched the questionnaires, the researchers prepare the final draft.

Algorithm for Robot Navigation Without Collisions

Algorithm for Robot Navigation Without Collisions ALGORITHM FOR ROBOT NAVIGATION AT ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT COLLISION ALGORITHM REPRESENTATION FOR NAVIGATION OF MOBILE ROBOT WITHOUT OBSTACLE COLLISON Mobile robot It is a kind of robot that has the ability to travel Relative to the environment (i.e. locomotion), and one of the actuators of the robot is the locomotive system This chapter of my bachelor thesis is to develop algorithms that will help the autonomous mobile robot in visual navigation. g the robot. Then, the robot tries to understand their environment to extract data from a sequence of image data, in this case, optical, and then uses this information as a guide for the movement. The strategy adopted to avoid collisions with obstacles during movement a balance between the right and left optical flow vectors. An integral part of any navigation scheme is the desire to reach a destination and do not get lost or bump into any of the objects. There may be other restrictions on a given route, such as speed limits or zones of uncertainty, where in theory, of course, can pave the path, but not desirable. Often, the way is to move the robot autonomously planned, ie on the basis of previous input and without interference in real time. It can work effectively, but only on condition that the environment is perfectly known and does not change and the robot can travel on the route perfectly. However, in the real world everything is much more complicated. Note that navigation will include: Location of robot Environment perception and his model Methods of traffic planning Robot motion control algorithms The problem of mobile robot navigation is a very complex issue characteristic at both ends. The implementation of tasks by moving a mobile robot requires obtaining information about the surrounding-limiting environment hence the importance of having AD sensory system that allows the observation of the environment and its perception, For this purpose, both simple rangefinder systems and contact sensors, which correspond with collision detection. Using a constant speed of 4m/s for the algorithm and a step size of 0.125m which was obtained by the multiplication of the speed by interval in which information is received. = 0.125m. The algorithm is given below. Set iteration values K equals K =1. Tolerance factor ÃŽ ´ Using the following sequence inside the loop for K Evaluating Hessian and the gradient and also checking for positive definite of hessian matric Determine Newton Direction Normalize Newton Direction Determine step size Determine new point If ||ΔT||ÃŽ ´, if not set K=1 And repeat step 2.otherwise terminate But considering the above algorithm it’s still going to encounter some problems. For example saw tooth pattern that occurs at the along the path, shown below: Saw-tooth pattern Saw-tooth happens due to fixed step size at some point in the navigation of the mobile robot reduction in step size is necessary which also means reduction in the speed of the robot . The reason for this effect is because the present point of the robot is not always the best point possible. Meaning that point after that will guide the path back, resulting in a saw=tooth pattern zig -zagging along the path. The reason this problem occurs is because the robot has a constant speed. ADDING CONSTAINTS: To determine the new point of the robot the speed and acceleration needs to be known if we have a speed of and an acceleration of The constraints are |speed| Now starting speed will be set has speed(K=0)=0m/s, which means is assumed that robot is in a static state Determining position of robot All points in the line represent the Newton’s Direction. Robot needs to move to one of its point so we can determine the speed and acceleration of robot OVERSHOOT SCENARIO: This is a scenario when the acceleration that is generated is not large enough to get to the point on the newton direction, solution to this can’t be found, the only way out is that the point closer to the line will move .I.e. line perpendicular to the newton’s direction must be found and the lie should intercept in the center. Now considering the new algorithm Setting values at start point, target point and obstacle location MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND OF ALGORITHM FUNCTION OF TARGET: Every robot has its starting point and it has its destination that to say its target point and to accomplish this task it needs a target function: Target function is Where the position of the mobile robot is at present is and the destination of mobile robot is . A mobile robot has reached its minimum function when current position of the robot is equal to the target position. Fig 1: Position of Target BOUNDARY FUNCTION: Every Mobile robot has its environment and areas that are out of mobile robots environment is therefore represented with a boundary. What the boundary represents is the size, shape and location of an object. Boundary function and function of target will both give an optimization problem when finding the minimum. BARRIER FUNCTION: The most difficult part of mobile robot navigation is generating its path without going out of its environment that is where the barrier function comes in The barrier function and the target function are added up, and this leads to the following function: PENALTY FUNCTION: What the penalty function does is that it controls the importance of obstacles on the path of a mobile robot. It show if an obstacle is of high priority or isn’t. This is where distance comes to play how close the obstacle to the robot is to the obstacle. When calculating the penalty function of a mobile robot the most important obstacles are the obstacles closer to the robot. The penalty function is obtained by the calculation of the distance between the obstacle and the mobile robot. The result of the calculation shows the increases or decreases considering the movement of the robot away or towards the obstacle This represents the variation is the distance between the obstacle and mobile robot. NEWTON DIRECTION: Mobile robot optimization is very important in robot navigation. Choosing the most efficient path to follow to from robot’s current position to the target point around its environment, this is called Newton method. Newton direction is calculated by the optimal direction in which a step should be taken, ithis is given in the equation below: Where is the gradient of target function and the inverse of hessian matrix is: which is used to describe the second order derivative of the function of target, that is evaluated at point (delta t) is used in describing the change in the first order derivative of function of target. THEORITICAL EXPERIMENT After considering the algorithm it will be right to do some experiments based on the algorithm to investigate and test whether it does what we want it to. I will be using static obstacles to test. ONE STATIONARY OBSTACLE: Stationary point;

Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices Essay -- Writing

Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices The attempt to discover my "voice" may seem less than insightful for the audience in which this paper is intended. It is quite a relief that I don't have to write a theme, pretending to be an expert on finding voice. The concept of voice is very new for me because I wasn't aware that I was conveying a tone or attitude in my writing that was so profoundly obvious. In preparation for this discussion I have spent time re-reading former assignments trying to "hear" the voice present in them. I think the concept of voice, as well as the new deliberate avoidance from theme writing, has put the entire class in the same boat. In this respect our writing talents are maturing. If the paper does not provide any insight on the new and powerful creative tool called voice, in the very least it will have benefitted me by helping me explore the voice in my writings. For that, each of you will have this opportunity to become familiar with me, the person and writer, through voice. Long before I decided to become an English major, I had decided I was a good writer. If I had to use one word to describe myself as a writer, it would be "thrifty". I could whip off papers that I was asked to write, on topics which I generally knew nothing about. Many of us could testify to the truth that we are conditioned to become theme writing specialists. It is almost as if we have been coerced to believe that writing of any other kind will push creativity beyond it's acceptable limits. I was continually praised for my writing "thriftiness". No matter what the subject was, I was an expert. The extensive use of latinate words in my work convinced the reader I knew exactly what I was talking about. I had ... ...ion, I would presume that people believe this because they weren't comfortable with the limitations imposed on them that made creating good writing, seem like an impossibility. We all struggle to discover whether we are good writers, and we look to our professor's paper evaluations to determine this. The promising thing about this class, is that we get to serve as mentors for each other. For this one time, we may submit our work to a larger audience for evaluation. Our success in writing doesn't have to hinge on the personal preferences and standards of just one person, our professor. I am optimistic, because although I continue to struggle with writing in voice, I have one and therefore I know I will discover it. It will enrich my writing enough so that I know I am capable of more than mechanical theme writing. Now that you hear my voice, what is it that you hear? Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices Essay -- Writing Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices The attempt to discover my "voice" may seem less than insightful for the audience in which this paper is intended. It is quite a relief that I don't have to write a theme, pretending to be an expert on finding voice. The concept of voice is very new for me because I wasn't aware that I was conveying a tone or attitude in my writing that was so profoundly obvious. In preparation for this discussion I have spent time re-reading former assignments trying to "hear" the voice present in them. I think the concept of voice, as well as the new deliberate avoidance from theme writing, has put the entire class in the same boat. In this respect our writing talents are maturing. If the paper does not provide any insight on the new and powerful creative tool called voice, in the very least it will have benefitted me by helping me explore the voice in my writings. For that, each of you will have this opportunity to become familiar with me, the person and writer, through voice. Long before I decided to become an English major, I had decided I was a good writer. If I had to use one word to describe myself as a writer, it would be "thrifty". I could whip off papers that I was asked to write, on topics which I generally knew nothing about. Many of us could testify to the truth that we are conditioned to become theme writing specialists. It is almost as if we have been coerced to believe that writing of any other kind will push creativity beyond it's acceptable limits. I was continually praised for my writing "thriftiness". No matter what the subject was, I was an expert. The extensive use of latinate words in my work convinced the reader I knew exactly what I was talking about. I had ... ...ion, I would presume that people believe this because they weren't comfortable with the limitations imposed on them that made creating good writing, seem like an impossibility. We all struggle to discover whether we are good writers, and we look to our professor's paper evaluations to determine this. The promising thing about this class, is that we get to serve as mentors for each other. For this one time, we may submit our work to a larger audience for evaluation. Our success in writing doesn't have to hinge on the personal preferences and standards of just one person, our professor. I am optimistic, because although I continue to struggle with writing in voice, I have one and therefore I know I will discover it. It will enrich my writing enough so that I know I am capable of more than mechanical theme writing. Now that you hear my voice, what is it that you hear?

Buddhism :: essays research papers

Buddhism: Things I Find Interesting As I was reading the selected portions of the book for this chapter, I came across a few things that I found interesting. At first I did not catch them, but after I went back and reread the selections, I found these things, that I thought were intriguing. Buddhism is supposedly a non-theistic religion. However, in the reading titled "The Majjhim-Nikaya: Questions Which Lend Not to Edification" (5.1) and in "Realizing the Four Noble Truths" (5.3, the Buddha is continually referred to as "The Blessed One". If he is only a man, why is he referred to in such a way? Other Buddhists have the potential to become Buddhas, so would they also be referred to as "Blessed One"? If this Buddha was not the first, and not the last Buddha, why are other Buddhas also not referred to as "Blessed ones"? In my opinion, if this Buddha is not considered to be a god, then he should at least be referred to as "One of the Blessed Ones" instead of "The Blessed One". Another concept that I found interesting was the idea of duality that was discussed in "The Majjhima-Nikaya: Questions Which Lend Not to Edification" (5.1). I do not quite understand it, so I was intrigued it. The selection says that the soul and body are identical, and then that the soul and body are separate. It says that the world is finite and that the world is infinite. It also says that the world is eternal and then that it is not. How can these things be? I do not understand how the saint can both exist and not exist after death. I think that in my worldview, things such as these concepts are not present. I see ideas such as the world, and the body and soul as one way or the other.

Le Temps D’Une Chasse: One Take on Québec Cinema :: Movies Film Films Cinema Quebec Canada Essays

Le Temps D’Une Chasse: One Take on Quà ©bec Cinema Quà ©bec’s peculiar political and cultural status as a French-speaking and reluctant province of an English Canadian Confederation began to change with the rise of a militant independence movement in the 1960s and 1970s. †¦ [Its] emergent cinema, although it never speaks with one voice, could be said to share, both implicitly and explicitly, in a common struggle †¦ of exploring, questioning and constructing a notion of nationhood in the films themselves and in the consciousness of the viewer. †¦ [This] has not resulted in a homogeneous notion of Quà ©bec, but one of contradiction, fragmentation and uncertainty. (Barrowclough 205) This statement speaks to the futility of devising a paradigm for assessing the so-called typical Quà ©bec film; at the very core of such films lies a contradiction which cannot be summed up into one archetypal structure. Any Quà ©bec production reflects some part of the Quà ©bà ©cois experience. Attempts to prescribe criteria for what qualifies as a Quà ©bec film are restrictive, and deny the legitimacy of the multiple voices speaking out from Quà ©bec. The complexity of content in Quà ©bec films is reflected in the disparate critical response to director Francis Mankiewicz’s film, Le Temps D’Une Chasse. The film, released in 1972, was met with varied, contradictory reviews. One critic found that the film was not at all typically French-Canadian, but that it was about "the impossible efforts of man to get beyond reality" (Godard 34). Another stated that the film was very much a product of French-Canada, showing little promise as a hit anywhere else in the world (Mosk). A third reviewer thought that the episodes in the film "capture and reflect a Quà ©bà ©cois mentality," but that the film also had "many qualities" and therefore had the potential to succeed outside as well as inside of Quà ©bec (Tads). Such varied reactions serve to indicate that preconceptions had been formed as to what characterizes a Quà ©bec film, and that these preconceptions are assumed to dictate what audiences want to watch. The fact that Le Temps D’Une Chasse is open to various interpretations should not indicate a flaw in the film; rather, it should be seen as representing another aspect of the complex and contradictory social context within which it was produced. "An awareness of contradiction and a willingness to allow this awareness to shape the aesthetic experience are essential elements of modern art’s rebellion against the fixed viewpoint of perspective and linearity that created a sense of order and harmony in the past" (Leach 226). Le Temps D’Une Chasse: One Take on Quà ©bec Cinema :: Movies Film Films Cinema Quebec Canada Essays Le Temps D’Une Chasse: One Take on Quà ©bec Cinema Quà ©bec’s peculiar political and cultural status as a French-speaking and reluctant province of an English Canadian Confederation began to change with the rise of a militant independence movement in the 1960s and 1970s. †¦ [Its] emergent cinema, although it never speaks with one voice, could be said to share, both implicitly and explicitly, in a common struggle †¦ of exploring, questioning and constructing a notion of nationhood in the films themselves and in the consciousness of the viewer. †¦ [This] has not resulted in a homogeneous notion of Quà ©bec, but one of contradiction, fragmentation and uncertainty. (Barrowclough 205) This statement speaks to the futility of devising a paradigm for assessing the so-called typical Quà ©bec film; at the very core of such films lies a contradiction which cannot be summed up into one archetypal structure. Any Quà ©bec production reflects some part of the Quà ©bà ©cois experience. Attempts to prescribe criteria for what qualifies as a Quà ©bec film are restrictive, and deny the legitimacy of the multiple voices speaking out from Quà ©bec. The complexity of content in Quà ©bec films is reflected in the disparate critical response to director Francis Mankiewicz’s film, Le Temps D’Une Chasse. The film, released in 1972, was met with varied, contradictory reviews. One critic found that the film was not at all typically French-Canadian, but that it was about "the impossible efforts of man to get beyond reality" (Godard 34). Another stated that the film was very much a product of French-Canada, showing little promise as a hit anywhere else in the world (Mosk). A third reviewer thought that the episodes in the film "capture and reflect a Quà ©bà ©cois mentality," but that the film also had "many qualities" and therefore had the potential to succeed outside as well as inside of Quà ©bec (Tads). Such varied reactions serve to indicate that preconceptions had been formed as to what characterizes a Quà ©bec film, and that these preconceptions are assumed to dictate what audiences want to watch. The fact that Le Temps D’Une Chasse is open to various interpretations should not indicate a flaw in the film; rather, it should be seen as representing another aspect of the complex and contradictory social context within which it was produced. "An awareness of contradiction and a willingness to allow this awareness to shape the aesthetic experience are essential elements of modern art’s rebellion against the fixed viewpoint of perspective and linearity that created a sense of order and harmony in the past" (Leach 226).

Phil History

Many of us didn't know who are we and where we came from. From the quote â€Å"Nothing of me is original. I am the combined effort of everyone I've ever known†, it says that we, Filipinos don't have any original identity, our identity, like the political, social, economical, and cultural that we have today, came up from the colonization of the other country, like Spain, America, and Japan. Before the colonization of Spain, America, and Japan, Philippines said to have a vast culture In political, economical, social and cultural.In 7,107 Islands In the Philippines there are different people living with different political, economical, social and cultural approach. In pre-colonization, the system of government decentralized, meaning there is no center government to govern the other small government. The leader of the barbarian is a Data, Confederacy is a Rah, and Sultanate is a sultan. Their Judicial system Is oral, which means, whatever the law imposed by the leader It will be s poken through a messenger. They formed alliances through the process of â€Å"Sandburg†.Some lived near bodies of water, and some lived In the mountains or rest. The lifestyle of the people living near the bodies of water are fishing, boat building, pottery, farming, and so many more, while the people living in the mountains are swished, farming, hunting, gathering, etc. People living before the colonization, have a social strata, first is the imaging and data class, a ruling and warrior class. Second Is the maharaja, a wealthy class. Third Is the Tamaki or freeman, a commoner. Last Is the Labial or Roller, debt peons. People In the pre colonization have a system of writing called Babylon.They also have religion, called minims, they worship anoint/Anita, data and their priest/sees is called Babylon. The Muslims saw Misguidance and Sulk first before the Spaniards came to the Philippines and introduce their religion called Islam, where their God is Allah and prophet is Mohammed All. When the Spanish came to Philippines, their only purpose Is the g's: God, Gold and Glory. They colonize us in two ways, one is with religion and the other Is with the use of sword. Religion came to victorious. The Spaniards gave us new way to live our life; they also introduce us to their religion, which is Christianity.We, Filipinos at home set up altars in the Hispanic tradition, adorned with Catholic images, flowers and candles. During fiestas, most communities organize church services and religious processions in honor of a patron saint. Also, we inherit the holiday of the Spaniards, for January 1 – New years day, March or April – Seaman Santa also called Holy week, October 31 – November 2 – All saints day and all souls day, December 24 – Niche Buena also known as Christmas Eve, and December 25 – Christmas. They created two governments, one is the central government and the other is the local government.The central government is he aded by Governor-General, who is the commander-in-chief, head of an army and navy, he also have veto power, meaning if he seems the law is not good enough, he can nullify or cancel the law. He Is the Vice-Real Patron, and lastly, he Is the president provinces and the leader is called Lacked Mayor, Corrections, which are unified provinces, the leader is Corridors, Pueblo-towns, the leader is Gubernatorial, Cicada, the leader is Mountaintop and Barbarian, the leader is Caber. In the course of Spanish colonization in the Philippines, the friars instructed opulent Baroque-style church edifices.These structures are still found today everywhere across the country and they symbolize the cultural influence of Spain in Filipino life. The opulence of these edifices was clearly visible in the ornate facades, paintings, and sculpture, as well as in the behavioral patterns of the people and in the intricate rituals associated with Roman Catholic churches. While it is true that the Spaniards expl oited labor in the construction of the imposing Baroque-style sanctuaries for Roman Catholic worship, it is also true that these same edifices came the means by which Filipino artistic talents and inclinations were expressed.The carpenters, masons, craftsmen, and artisans were mainly Filipinos. In this way, the Roman Catholic Church and religion influenced Filipino architectural and building style, even as the rituals and festivities of the Church influenced Filipino dances, songs, paintings, and literary writings. Through these influences, the Church afforded the Filipinos abundant opportunities for both solemn rites and Joyous festivities and celebrations known as â€Å"fiestas. The services inside the Catholic hurries often spilled out into the thoroughfare in the form of colorful and pageant- filled religious processions in which the rich and the poor participated. Dining, drinking, and merrymaking often followed or accompanied such religious activities. During these feasts, Sp anish culinary specialties like â€Å"paella† which means a dish consisting of a mixture of rice, chicken and shellfish, â€Å"razor valerian† which means glutinous rice and chicken cooked in coconut milk, and â€Å"lingua† meaning sautà ©ed ox- tongue usually with mushroom sauce became part of the local table fare.The rites ND feasts served to provide relief from the drudgery of humdrum village existence, to release pent-up social and economic frustrations, or to foster community spirit and unity. With the help of the Americans, Philippines got its independence after the sacrifices they undergo under the Spaniards. After the independence, Americans redistribute the enormous land properties that were given during the Spanish period to the Catholic Church. Even though they redistribute the land, the small farmers didn't get any land because they can't prove that they are the owner of that land and they can't pay the asked price.The lands became the property of l arge landowners. American General Douglas Mac Arthur landed in Elite, one of the biggest islands in Central Island of the Philippines with 700 vessel and 174 000 army and navy. Since the American led us, the government was divided into three branches: Judiciary, system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of state. It also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes among people. Legislative, the one who make the law or pertaining to the enactment of law. Last is, Executive, the one who enforces the law or have the power to put plans, actions or laws into effect.There are also schools that were built during their time, like the agricultural schools; Philippine Normal University and University of the Philippines. Their medium of instruction was English and the teachers are called Atomies. Also, there were public schools that were open up for the education of the Filipinos. Also, during the introduced to us by the Americans and approximately three hundred thousand Filipinos become protestant. In the economical part, Americans built roads, streets, bridges, and new infrastructures that made movement of products and services more efficient.It also improved the Philippines economy by the development of new industries, increase in agricultural production. In the social part, Filipinos learned to play games, watch movies, new kinds of music introduced to us by Americans, using respectful greetings like â€Å"Magenta magma PDP' were replaced by merely saying â€Å"Good morning†, â€Å"Paganism' was replaced by kissing the cheeks of parents and elders as a sign of respect. We lost our sense of â€Å"banish. † Women wear dresses, high- heeled shoes, and a handbag, while men, Suits, polo shirts, ties and Jeans. The Japanese started when they started attacking the Pearl Habit.It is also in the Japanese time, when the Filipinos do the death march from Bataan to San Fernando Pangaea where many of Filipino died. In their occupatio n, the Japanese introduced to us duck farming, fish breeding, and other influences like removing slippers before entering the house, bonsai planting, and manufacturing farm tools and war weapons. They also taught us origami, their martial art, Judo, and tanning of deer skin. Since the Japanese where here for Just a short period of time, they didn't leave much of their culture but they change the way things are done in the Philippines. Just like strict curfews was enforced.Even though our country has an identity of our own before the coming of the colonizers, like Filipinos know how to survive and have their own ways to live, they can create things by the use of what they see in their surroundings, but we had been greatly influenced by the country that colonized us. I think that the three countries that colonized us changed our political, economical, cultural and social system of our country. I think our identity today, as Filipinos are mixed from the Spanish, Americans and Japanese influence to us. Our lifestyles that we have now came from different influences of other country to us.Today, some of the Filipinos still do â€Å"banish† in some of the provinces in the Philippines, There are many Spanish influences on Filipino culture. Thousands of Spanish words are load in most Filipino languages. We, Filipinos sometime speak Spanish, when we have simple conversation, like mesa, silly, and many other Spanish words, all over the Philippines. The traditions of the Spanish, their holidays, their religion, and even their government are also the influences of the Spaniards as they colonized our country. The influence of the Spanish, like â€Å"paganism as inkstands† still lives in us or inAmerican influence, â€Å"packaging as pissing† some of the Filipino do this as a respect to the elderly or to their parents. The way of how we dress is also influenced by Spanish and America. We wear coat and tie for going to work, Barron and flapping dress for attending marriage or baptism, and gown or dresses for attending formal parties. We also adopt their government which is the local and central government. We also adopt the system of government of America given to us, the legislative, the Judiciary and the executive. With the help of the American, the agriculture of our country has en improved.

American International Group, or AIG

Ann-Katrin Kohnle Organizational Behavior AIG American International Group, or AIG, started out as a company that represented American insurance companies in Shanghai. The company moved on to become a reinsurance company in the United States that would hekp insurance companies disperse their liabilites and therefore aid those companies to grow faster. In 1968, Maurice Greenberg took over as CEO and AIG grew and expanded into countries around the world. Today, AIG does not only provide reinsurance services anymore but also financial services.Maurice Greenberg was born in 1925, is a war veteran and graduated from New York law school. He had a very autocratic approach to leading AIG. His goal was to expand AIG and many political key figures asked him for advice. Because he gave advice to influential people and lobbied effectively, he was often given the benefit of the odubt when questionable practices within AIG became known. In the early 2000s there were several investigations into AIG aimed at clarifying questionable insurance practices and schemes used ot boost AIG’s revenue.As a result, Greenberg was asked to step down as the CEO in 2005 and he is currently the CEO of C. V. Starr & Co Inc. Greenberg was succeeded by Martin Sullivan, Robert Willumstad, and Edward Liddy, who is the current CEO of AIG. Leading up to the bailout of AIG in 2008, the company was involved in riskier and riskier transactions. AIG used credit default swaps that allowed other companies to transfer their risk to AIG in case their securities defaulted. However, AIG did not have enough money to actually pay all these companies once the recession hit.As a result, the federal government agreed to bail out AIG to save it from sure bankruptcy. Not all of AIG was to blame for its downfall, however. One department of the company, AIG Financial Products, dealt with hedge funds and very risky transactions that earned AIG billions of dollars but that also brought down the whole company in th e end. Even though it seems as though employees of AIG knew about the potential threat the Financial Products section posed to the entire company, nothing was ever done to impose stricter regulations on the department.On the contrary, big money and benefit incentives were given to the employees who brought in the most money. However, the transactions that brought in the most money most often also were the transactions that were the riskiest resulting in a very high risk portfolio. After the bubble exploded because AIG could not pay the institutions they had promised money to, the government bailed them out mainly because if AIG would have gone down, many other national and international companies that depended on AIG to do well would have failed as well.Until today, Greenberg who was CEO of the company the longest, maintains his innocence and states that he always acted in the best interest of the company and no unethical behavior was going on. The big question, however, is if the b ailout was necessary or justified. Should a company that has gambled away individuals’ and businesses’ money be rewarded for failing or should they have taken the fall and endured the consequences?